The Story of the Torah from the Perspective of the Qur'an and History

The history of the Bible implies that the Torah has been formed and distorted over time. The Qur'an also confirms this issue. The Holy Qur'an, in addition to introducing the Jews as the People of the Book, uses the word "Torah" eighteen times, "which is a collection of divine teachings bestowed on Prophet Moses." On the one hand, the Holy Qur'an acknowledges and affirms it, and on the other hand, it attributes distortion to this book and introduces the Torah as one of the books that has been distorted throughout history, however, the holy Qur’an considers the part of the Torah that has been preserved to contain the teachings of God and can be acknowledged in general, and considers it a means of guiding the Jewish people and advises them to refer to it. The collection of information in this writing is library-based and their processing is descriptive-analytical. This article seeks to prove the view that the current Torah, with its various versions, has been disappeared in the ups and downs of the times, and that what exists is a very blurred and inconsistent face of the original version, and the Holy Qur'an confirms this

The Place of Siyāq in the Interpretation of the Qur'an

The term Siyāq (i.e. context) and its place and role in the interpretation of the Qur'an has always been considered by scholars and Qur'anic scholars. This term has been mentioned in the surviving narrative literature of the Infallibles (PBUT) as [connected word]. In fact, the principle of symmetry of the context and verbal and semantic order governing the body of the Qur'an, including verses and surahs, and even the arrangement of words and letters and their succession are among the principles inseparable from the word of God. It will help us to pay attention to this principle and applying it in the process of interpreting verses. In the current article, we try to get acquainted with the term context and its types, which are divided into contexts of words, sentences, verses and surahs, as well as its role and position in understanding Qur’anic verses, and the conditions for realizing the context and ways of proving and using it

Robust Multi-Objective Sustainable Reverse Supply Chain Planning: An Application in the Steel Industry

In the design of the supply chain, the use of the returned products and their recycling in the production and consumption network is called reverse logistics. The proposed model aims to optimize the flow of materials in the supply chain network (SCN), and determine the amount and location of facilities and the planning of transportation in conditions of demand uncertainty. Thus, maximizing the total profit of operation, minimizing adverse environmental effects, and maximizing customer and supplier service levels have been considered as the main objectives. Accordingly, finding symmetry (balance) among the profit of operation, the environmental effects and customer and supplier service levels is considered in this research. To deal with the uncertainty of the model, scenario-based robust planning is employed alongside a meta-heuristic algorithm (NSGA-II) to solve the model with actual data from a case study of the steel industry in Iran. The results obtained from the model, solving and validating, compared with actual data indicated that the model could optimize the objectives seamlessly and determine the amount and location of the necessary facilities for the steel industry more appropriately.This article belongs to the Special Issue Uncertain Multi-Criteria Optimization Problem

An Effective Brain-Computer Interface System Based on the Optimal Timeframe Selection of Brain Signals

Background: Brain responds in a short timeframe (with certain delay) after the request for doing a motor imagery task and therefore it is most likely that the individual not focus continuously on the task at entire interval of data acquisition time or even think about other things in a very short time slice. In this paper, an effective brain-computer interface system is presented based on the optimal timeframe selection of brain signals.Methods: To prove the stated claim, various timeframes with different durations and delays selected based on a specific rule from EEG signals recorded during right/left hand motor imagery task and subsequently, feature extraction and classification are done.Results: Implementation results on the two well-known datasets termed Graz 2003 and Graz 2005; shows that the smallest systematically created timeframe of data acquisition interval have had the best results of classification. Using this smallest timeframe, the classification accuracy increased up to 91.43% for Graz 2003 and 88.96, 83.64 and 84.86 percent for O3, S4 and X11 subjects of Graz 2005 database respectively.Conclusion: Removing the additional information in which the individual does not focus on the motor imagery task and utilizing the most distinguishing timeframe of EEG signals that correctly interpret individual intentions improves the BCI system performance

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Training Courses in a Developing Country

Purpose- Today, entrepreneurship has become a necessity for economic development in different countries. Therefore, entrepreneurship training could be a solution in order to reach this goal. But it should be considered that for being more successful, these courses should be effective and efficient. Design/methodology/approach- In this study, a survey is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of these courses between 265 trained individuals between in a two years period. Random sampling is done and then 113 individuals were selected to conduct the survey. Cronbach's alpha was calculated (0.967) and some hypotheses were tested. Findings- Results reveal that output effectiveness was significant, and the courses were considered to be at an acceptable level. But there were some limitations as follows: (i) lack of access to a large number of trainers, which might affect the generalization level of the findings; and (ii) finding appro-priate measures to test the mentioned hypotheses. Research Implications- The findings of this research might be used by policy makers, trainers and even tutors in the field of entrepreneurship. Originality/value- The research is among the first studies in the area of evaluating entrepreneurship training courses conducted in Iran. Research Paper Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Hosseinzadeh, M., Razavi, S. M., Hosseinzadeh, D. (2014). “Evaluating the Effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Training Courses in a Developing Country”, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 63–73

Novel design of array multiplier

In this paper a new array multiplier has been proposed, which has lower power consumption than the regular array multipliers. This technique has been applied on two conventional and leapfrog array multipliers. In the formation of 8×8 multiplier all designs proposed in this paper have been implemented using the HSPICE by the use of 180 nm TSMC technology at a supply voltage 1v. To verify the performance of the proposed structures, structures have been simulated in 130 nm & 65 nm PTM technologies. The simulation results show that applying the return technique in the array structures causes power consumption reduction and consequently PDP reduction. This improvement for 180 nm technology in the conventional array structure is 13.32 % and in the leapfrog array structure is 23.27 %. It should be noted that this technique substantially makes the number of transistors less and as a result area reduction

Diagnostic Value of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Radiography In Detection of Vertical Root Fracture

Introduction: Vertical root fracture (VRF) is the longitudinal fracture of the root in endodontically treated teeth. Considering the limitations of two-dimensional radiographic images in detection of VRF and introduction of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), this study was designed to find the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CBCT and periapical (PA) radiography in detection of VRFs. Methods and Materials: This was a cross-sectional in vitro study on 80 extracted human single canal teeth including 40 maxillary and 40 mandibular teeth. After standardized endodontic treatment of the roots, VRF was induced in half of the teeth in each group, and other half were left without fracture. Teeth were inserted in dry maxillary and mandibular alveoli. PA radiographs and CBCT images were taken from the specimens. Data were analyzed with SPSS software. The McNemar test was used to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of images, and kappa coefficient was used to assess the degree of agreement between the observers. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Sensitivity and specificity values of CBCT were 97.5% and 95%, respectively. However, for PA radiography the sensitivity and specificity were 67.5% and 92.5%, in order of appearance. Accuracy of CBCT (96.25%) and PA radiography (80%) in both jaws were significantly different (P=0.022). Two methods were not significantly different when testing specificity (P=0.298). Conclusion: This study showed that the sensitivity and accuracy of CBCT in detection of vertical root fracture are higher than periapical radiography. CBCT can be recommended to be used in detection of vertical root fractures

Modeling of environmental aspects related to reverse osmosis desalination supply chain

open access journalBackground: This study aimed to model optimization of strategic environmental management decisions in the operation of reverse osmosis desalination, emphasizing the costs required for the environmental protection during the production of freshwater using reverse osmosis technology. Methods: This analytical research was conducted in five cities of Hormozgan province in Iran for 18 months from February 2018 to September 2019. The research includes eight phases of defining the research problem, data collection, preliminary data analysis and decision criteria, mathematical modeling, model validation, information preparation, analysis and finally discussion, conclusions and suggestions. The main environmental issues were the carbon dioxide (CO2) release rate due to power demand and rejected brine water (RBW) were entered the mathematical model. Results: The desalination plants of Abu Musa, Bandar Abbas, Qeshm, Sirik, and Hormoz with water production flow rate of 2100, 89 000, 5300, 3300 and 1500 m3/d can generate 2360.82, 100053.80, 5958.260, 3709.86 and 1686.30 tons/year of CO2 emissions respectively. This output requires 1.35, 57.47,3.42, 2.13 and 0.97 million USD for controlling the process, respectively. For reduction of the negative effect of RBW 0.75, 22.79, 1.78, 1.15 and 0.55 million USD respectively, is needed. Conclusion: Recommendations for environmental impacts protection of RBW, for desalination capacity up to 50 000 m3/d, are; (a) for desalination capacity up to 50 000 m3/d; dilution the RBW using raw water before entering into the sea, (b) for capacity of 50 000-100 000 m3/d; dispersing RBW in sea using diffuser, and (c) for capacity more than 100 000 m3/d; hybrid water desalination plants and power plant. Application of power plant cooling water to dilute RBW may reduce cost