Utilizing and adapting leisure constraints models to enhance \u27short-break\u27 vacations : case study of Melbourne, Australia

Short-break tourism is likely to continue as a popular vacation for time-, income- and special interest conscious tourists. With the competition for visitors, destinations need to consider the constraints and facilitators associated with tourist decision-making for short-break vacations. This study presents the application of a leisure model toward better explaining such vacation choices. This study found key constraints, such as time and awareness, inhibited visitors from visiting attractions. The importance and influence of word-of-mouth recommendations plays a key role in gaining the attention of future visitors. <br /

\u27Take a deep breath’: how recreational SCUBA divers negotiate in-water constraints

A significant body of work now exists on what constrains people\u27s leisure. While early theorizations of constraints focused on what prevented individuals from participating in leisure, the literature has expanded to include discussions on how constraints may be negotiated, overcome or substituted. This article explores constraints negotiation in the context of adventurous leisure. This study considers how leisure constraints are negotiated in the in-situ experience of recreational scuba diving. In-depth interviews were conducted with 27 recreational divers. Analysis revealed three interrelated negotiation strategies used to deal with in-situ constraints, namely consolidate, co-operate, or cancel. These negotiation techniques were influenced by factors including divers\u27 histories, perceptions of the severity of the constraint and in-water experience. Findings support the recognition of in-situ constraints negotiation in adventurous leisure. Results highlight the need to reflect on how individuals negotiate constraints during leisure, particularly in difficult environments which can present unpredictable and dangerous risks