Might for Right: Martial Arts as a Way to Understand the Black Panthers

This article is featured in the journal Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities, volume 4

Dynamical Mass Generation and Confinement in Maxwell-Chern-Simons Planar Quantum Electrodynamics

We study the non-perturbative phenomena of Dynamical Mass Generation and Confinement by truncating at the non-perturbative level the Schwinger-Dyson equations in Maxwell-Chern-Simons planar quantum electrodynamics. We obtain numerical solutions for the fermion propagator in Landau gauge within the so-called rainbow approximation. A comparison with the ordinary theory without the Chern-Simons term is presented.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures; prepared for the XIV Mexican School of Particles and Fields, 4-12 November 2010, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexic

Symmetry, symmetry breaking, and pion parton distributions

Pion valence, glue and sea distributions are calculated using a continuum approach to the two valence-body bound-state problem. Since the framework is symmetry preserving, physical features of the distributions are properly expressed. The analysis reveals that the emergent phenomenon of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking causes a hardening of the valence-quark distribution function, ${q}^\pi(x)$. Nevertheless, this distribution exhibits the $x\simeq 1$ behaviour predicted by quantum chromodynamics (QCD). At the scale $\zeta_2:=2\,$GeV, the following momentum fractions are predicted: $\langle x_{\rm valence} \rangle = 0.48(3)$, $\langle x_{\rm glue} \rangle = 0.41(2)$, $\langle x_{\rm sea} \rangle = 0.11(2)$. Evolving to $\zeta=5.2\,$GeV, the result for ${q}^\pi(x)$ agrees with that computed using lattice QCD. These outcomes should both spur improved analyses of existing experiments and stimulate efforts to obtain new data on the pion distribution functions using available and envisioned facilities.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, 2 table

Massive Dirac fermions and the zero field quantum Hall effect

Through an explicit calculation for a Lagrangian in quantum electrodynamics in (2+1)-space--time dimensions (QED$_3$), making use of the relativistic Kubo formula, we demonstrate that the filling factor accompanying the quantized electrical conductivity for massive Dirac fermions of a single species in two spatial dimensions is a half (in natural units) when time reversal and parity symmetries of the Lagrangian are explicitly broken by the fermion mass term. We then discuss the most general form of the QED$_3$ Lagrangian, both for irreducible and reducible representations of the Dirac matrices in the plane, with emphasis on the appearance of a Chern-Simons term. We also identify the value of the filling factor with a zero field quantum Hall effect (QHE).Comment: 15 pages. Accepted in Jour. Phys.

Estimation of Interleukine -1 and Granulocyte Macrophage –Colony Stimulating Factors among Type a Hepatitis Patient and Autoimmune Hepatitis

Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is the most common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. Although infection with Hepatitis A virus is often mild and asymptomatic in young children, the disease can be severe in adults .The aimed of this study was estimate serum cytokines levels of interleukin (IL-1) and Granulocyte macrophage\colony stimulating factors (GM\CSF) with Hepatitis A virus(HAV) , autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and apparently healthy individuals as a control group. Forty  blood samples have been collected from HAV patients ,  31samples of  (AIH) patients ,   in addition to 24 apparently healthy individuals . The detection of (HAV),(IL-1) and  (GM\CSF)were estimated by Enzyme Linked  immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) method. The present study shows that the high frequency of disease in age 20-29 years most of them male more than female. The mean of the elevated IL-1 in serum of HAV, AIH and healthy control was 59.44 ± 27.23, 26.39 ± 13.35 and 4.97 ±2.78 respectively, while the mean of elevated GM-CSF in serum of the studied groups was 48.66±25.41, 12.4±3.74 and 1.71±0.88 respectively. IL-1 appears in 39 (97.5%) of HAV patients which was elevated in comparison with 27 (87.1%) AIH group. Level IL-1 among AIH was observed highly significantly elevated in comparison with healthy control (P<0.01). The elevated of GM-CSF in this study was showed that 40(100%)  patients with HAV were appeared of abnormal GM-CSF, while 31(100%)   AIH patients were observed for abnormal GM-CSF in AIH compared with healthy control.. The results indicating that highly significant relationship for the studied group (P<0.01). This study concluded that Sreum IL-1 and GM-CSF was elevated in both HAV and AIH as mediating acute inflammatory reactions and chemokine respectively compared with healthy controls. Keywords: Interleukine -1, Granulocyte Macrophage –Colony Stimulating Factors ,type A Hepatitis autoimmune hepatitis 

Formal Analysis of V2X Revocation Protocols

Research on vehicular networking (V2X) security has produced a range of security mechanisms and protocols tailored for this domain, addressing both security and privacy. Typically, the security analysis of these proposals has largely been informal. However, formal analysis can be used to expose flaws and ultimately provide a higher level of assurance in the protocols. This paper focusses on the formal analysis of a particular element of security mechanisms for V2X found in many proposals: the revocation of malicious or misbehaving vehicles from the V2X system by invalidating their credentials. This revocation needs to be performed in an unlinkable way for vehicle privacy even in the context of vehicles regularly changing their pseudonyms. The REWIRE scheme by Forster et al. and its subschemes BASIC and RTOKEN aim to solve this challenge by means of cryptographic solutions and trusted hardware. Formal analysis using the TAMARIN prover identifies two flaws with some of the functional correctness and authentication properties in these schemes. We then propose Obscure Token (OTOKEN), an extension of REWIRE to enable revocation in a privacy preserving manner. Our approach addresses the functional and authentication properties by introducing an additional key-pair, which offers a stronger and verifiable guarantee of successful revocation of vehicles without resolving the long-term identity. Moreover OTOKEN is the first V2X revocation protocol to be co-designed with a formal model.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Confinement Beyond Rainbow-Ladder Truncation

A non-perturbative construction of the 3-point fermion-boson vertex which obeys its Ward-Takahashi or Slavnov-Taylor identity, ensures the massless fermion and boson propagators transform according to their local gauge covariance relations, reproduces perturbation theory in the weak coupling regime and provides a gauge independent description for dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB) and confinement has been a long-standing goal in physically relevant gauge theories such as quantum electrodynamics (QED) and quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this paper, we demonstrate that the same simple and practical form of the vertex can achieve these objectives not only in 4-dimensional quenched QED (qQED4) but also in its 3-dimensional counterpart (qQED3). Employing this convenient form of the vertex \emph{ansatz} into the Schwinger-Dyson equation (SDE) for the fermion propagator, we observe that it renders the critical coupling in qQED4 markedly gauge independent in contrast with the bare vertex and improves on the well-known Curtis-Pennington construction. Furthermore, our proposal yields gauge independent order parameters for confinement and DCSB in qQED3.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure