Business case y responsabilidad social empresarial: un análisis de la satisfacción laboral

Dentro de la Economía de la empresa, la teoría social de la empresa aborda la problemática de la ética y responsabilidad social de la empresa. Con este objetivo, desde los inicios del planteamiento de la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) se está discutiendo cuál tiene que ser el papel social de la empresa y su aportación a la sociedad. Entre los compromisos a adquirir por parte de la empresa en sus actuaciones socialmente responsables, el libro verde de la CE (2001) hace especial referencia a la dimensión interna conformada por el conjunto de actividades responsables que realiza la empresa de puertas hacia adentro con sus empleados y entorno directo. Desde esta perspectiva, la gestión responsable de los recursos humanos es la función que se ocupa de la gestión de las personas de la organización y en la que recae la responsabilidad de generar relaciones de confianza con ellas. Aquí se incluyen desde medidas para el fomento del aprendizaje permanente durante toda la vida y establecimiento de condiciones que permitan el desarrollo personal en el trabajo hasta garantías para la mejora de la información en la empresa o la consecución de un mayor equilibrio entre trabajo, familia y ocio, entre otras. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar el impacto de diferentes medidas de responsabilidad social empresarial en el ámbito de los Recursos humanos sobre las actitudes y comportamientos de los trabajadores, específicamente la satisfacción laboral. Para ello se parte del enfoque del Bussiness Case de la RSE, el cual argumenta los beneficios económicos de la aplicación de principios de RSE en la gestión empresarial gracias a la calidad de las relaciones de la empresa con sus stakeholders -siendo uno de los grupos principales, los empleados- lo que derivará en una posición de ventaja competitiva en el mercado. El estudio aborda el impacto de la gestión de RRHH desde la perspectiva del empleado evaluando las prácticas tal como las perciben los trabajadores para poder entender sus reacciones ante estas prácticas. Para el estudio se utiliza la información para Cataluña procedente de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo del año 2007. El análisis se realiza mediante la estimación de un modelo de regresión logit ordenado, dado que la variable dependiente (la satisfacción laboral) es ordenada y no cuantitativa. Las variables explicativas son las valoraciones de los empleados de las prácticas de responsabilidad social en RRHH que se implementan en las empresas, y variables de control relativas tanto a la empresa como al propio trabajador.Within Business Economics, the theory of Social Business focuses on ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR deals with what should be the social role of firms and their contribution to society. The Green Book of the EU (2001) makes special emphasis on the internal dimension of CSR. It refers to a firm’s responsibility towards its most immediately affected agents, with employees being of the most relevant ones. Within this framework, responsible management of human resources has the requirement of generating human trust. It is implemented through measures such as continuous training, measures directed towards personal development in the job, information and transparency in management, and job conditions that allow for a better life for the employee by balancing personal life, family life and job dimensions. The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility measures in the Human Resources Management dimension, on employee’s outcomes, specifically on employee’s job satisfaction. For this purpose, the analysis takes the conceptual framework of the Business Case of CSR. The Business Case states that a firm’s economic benefits will come from applying CSR measures, because that will improve the quality of the firm’s relationships with their stakeholders (with employees being one of the most important stakeholders), which in turn will improve the firm’s competitiveness. The analysis is done from the employees’ perspective by taking into account employees’ evaluation of the actual responsiveness of firms towards social responsibility. The effects on employees’ outcomes (such as satisfaction with their job), is also measured by employees and not by the firms’ managers. The empirical analysis is conducted for employees living in Catalunya, which is one of the Spanish regions with more economic activity and a higher number of firms and employees. Data come from a representative sample of the Spanish survey Encuesta de Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo 2007. Ordered logit econometric models are estimated since the dependent variable to be explained, satisfaction, is ordered and not quantitative. The dependent variables are employees’ evaluation of corporate social responsibility measures and control variables, such as the size’ dimension and employees’ personal characteristics

Impact of Individual Comorbidities on Survival of Patients with Myelofibrosis

Comorbidities; Myelofibrosis; SurvivalComorbilidades; Mielofibrosis; SupervivenciaComorbiditats; Melofibrosi; SupervivènciaThe comorbidity burden is an important risk factor for overall survival (OS) in several hematological malignancies. This observational prospective study was conducted to evaluate the impact of individual comorbidities on survival in a multicenter series of 668 patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) or MF secondary to polycythemia vera (PPV-MF) or essential thrombocythemia (PET-MF). Hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.96, p < 0.001), smoking (HR = 5.08, p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (HR = 4.65, p < 0.001) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) (HR = 4.26, p = 0.015) were most adversely associated with OS. Diabetes (HR = 3.01, p < 0.001), pulmonary disease (HR = 3.13, p < 0.001) and renal dysfunction (HR = 1.82, p = 0.037) were also associated with an increased risk of death. Multivariate analysis showed that pulmonary disease (HR = 2.69, p = 0.001), smoking (HR = 3.34, p < 0.001), renal dysfunction (HR = 2.08, p = 0.043) and HCV (HR = 11.49, p = 0.001) had a negative impact on OS. When ruxolitinib exposure was included in the model, the effect of each comorbidity on survival was modified. Therefore, individual comorbidities should be taken into account in determining the survival prognosis for patients with MF.This research was supported by an unrestricted grant from Novartis Pharmaceutical. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Novartis

Disseny d’un assaig clínic (fase III) per valorar l’eficàcia de la metilzapina en l’esquizofrènia

La metilzapina és un anàleg estructural de l’olanzapina (antipsicòtic atípic de segona generació sintetitzat l’any 1990). Les proves in vitro han determinat que presenta una elevada afinitat pels receptors 5-HT2 serotoninèrgics i pels receptors D3 i D4 dopaminèrgics; una afinitat pels receptors D2 dopaminèrgics mesolímbics elevada i moderada a la resta de vies dopaminèrgiques, i una baixa afinitat pels receptors alfa1 adrenèrgics, els M1 muscarínics colinèrgics i els H1 histaminèrgics

Recerca de nous fàrmacs antipsicòtics

En el camp de la psicofarmacologia, una de les principals àrees de recerca comprèn el desenvolupament de noves substàncies per al tractament, diagnòstic, prevenció o rehabilitació d’un trastorn psicopatològic. Aquests procés és prolongat, costós en temps i diners, i ha de considerar diferents aspectes rellevants per la comercialització i ús del fàrmac (científics, ètics, comercials, legals,...). Hom ha de saber que només una petita quantitat de noves substàncies sintetitzades arriben a ser comercialitzades i moltes d’elles han de ser retirades del mercat degut a l’existència d’efectes adversos. Així mateix, no tots els productes aprovats per al seu ús amb humans són útils. De forma general, el procés de desenvolupament d’un nou fàrmac inclou tres nivells principal de recerca: la síntesi de la substància, els estudis preclínics i els estudis clínics

Clinical Recommendations to Manage Gastrointestinal Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Glp-1 Receptor Agonists: A Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus

Gastrointestinal adverse events; Obesity; Type 2 diabetesEsdeveniments adversos gastrointestinals; Obesitat; Diabetis tipus 2Eventos adversos gastrointestinales; Obesidad; Diabetes tipo 2Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are indicated in type 2 diabetes and obesity for their high efficacy in controlling glycaemia and inducing body weight loss, respectively. Patients may develop gastrointestinal adverse events (GI AEs), namely nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and/or constipation. To minimize their severity and duration, healthcare providers (HCPs) and patients must be aware of appropriate measures to follow while undergoing treatment. An expert panel comprising endocrinologists, nephrologists, primary care physicians, cardiologists, internists and diabetes nurse educators convened across virtual meetings to reach a consensus regarding these compelling recommendations. Firstly, specific guidelines are provided about how to reach the maintenance dose and how to proceed if GI AEs develop during dose-escalation. Secondly, specific directions are set about how to avoid/minimize nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation symptoms. Clinical scenarios representing common situations in daily practice, and infographics useful to guide both HCPs and patients, are included. These recommendations may prevent people with T2D and/or obesity from withdrawing from GLP-1 RAs treatment, thus benefitting from their superior effect on glycaemic control and weight loss.This work has been funded by Novo-Nordisk

Erosive features caused by a magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) colony on martillo island, beagle channel, Argentina

Desde 1976 en la Isla Martillo (Canal Beagle, 54°54´26? S; 67°22´58? O) se asienta una colonia de pingüinos de Magallanes (Spheniscus magellanicus). Allí se identifican geoformas de origen glacial y marino, entre las que se destacan: drumlin, terrazas glacifluviales y marinas, y playas. La vegetación de la isla está compuesta por fragmentos bosque localizados mayoritariamente en el E de la isla, y la superficie restante está cubierta de arbustos, matas y pastos. Este trabajo presenta a los pingüinos como agentes erosivos en las geoformas terrestres, glaciares y marinas. Se realizó una evaluación multi-criterio de relevamiento de campo. La geo data base se trabajó en el entorno GIS Quantum GIS® 3.2.1, utilizando imágenes satelitales y un modelo digital del terreno (MDT) de 12 m de resolución espacial, como base de referencia visual. Los datos morfométricos y la evaluación multi-criterio se recopilaron durante el verano austral 2016-2017. Se tomaron muestras de los suelos y sedimentos de cada forma de relieve (drumlin, terraza glacifluvial, playa elevada y playa) para analizar el tamaño de partícula, para determinar si existe alguna relación entre los parámetros morfométricos de la cueva y los sedimentos. Se definieron cuatro clases de bioerosión en función de las características de erosión observadas en el campo. "Moderada" fue la clase de erosión predominante, en la parte E-NE de la isla. Los rasgos erosivos se desarrollan principalmente en la ladera con orientación N del E de la isla, donde un barranco natural drena el agua de lluvia y sobre las superficies de las terrazas glacifluviales y marinas. Las características erosivas como las cuevas y los puentes se desarrollan principalmente en drumlins limosos. Los pedestales se desarrollan en suelos desnudos y matas. Los senderos y las grietas también se describieron como bioerosión. No se registraron características erosivas en la parte oeste de la isla. El mapa de bioerosión es uno de los insumos para el análisis de degradación ambiental y la investigación dinámica de la población que se está realizando en la colonia de pingüinos de Magallanes en la isla Martillo, Canal Beagle.An active Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) colony has been established on Martillo Island, Beagle Channel (54°54´26? S; 67°22´58? W) since 1976. It is located in remnants of eroded drumlins placed in both ending and joined by gravel terraces of glaciofluvial and marine origin. Forest patches occupy the eastern side of the island while most of the island is covered by bushes, tussocks and grasses. This paper presents penguins as bio-erosion agents on glacial and marine landforms. An analysis of multiple criteria surveyed in the field was performed, using Quantum GIS® 3.2.1 with remote sensing images and a digital model terrain of 12 m resolution. The morphometric data and multicriterial evaluation were collected during 2016-2017 austral summer. Soils and sediments of each landform (drumlin, glaciofluvial terrace, raised beach and beach) were sampled for particle size analysis, to determine if there is any relationship between the morphometric parameters of the cave and the sediments. Four bio-erosion classes were defined based on the erosion features observed in the field. ?Moderate? was the prevailing erosion class recorded, in the E-NE part of the island. Bio-erosion features are mainly developed on the N facing slope of the east of the island, where a natural gully drains rainfall water, and over the glaciofluvial and marine terrace surfaces. Erosive features such as caves and bridges are mainly developed in silty drumlins. Pedestals are developed on bare soils and tussocks. Trails and cracks were also described as bio-erosion. No erosive features were recorded in the W part of the island. The bio-erosion map is one of the inputs for environmental degradation analysis and population dynamic research which is being done in the Magellanic penguin colony on Martillo Island, Beagle Channel.Fil: Quiroga, Diego Rubén Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; ArgentinaFil: Coronato, Andrea Maria Josefa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; ArgentinaFil: Scioscia, Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Raya Rey, Andrea Nélida. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; ArgentinaFil: Schiavini, Adrian Carlos Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Santos González, Javier. Universidad de León; EspañaFil: López, C.R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Redondo Vega, José María. Universidad de León; Españ

Effects of Aerobic Exercise, Cognitive and Combined Training on Cognition in Physically Inactive Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Adults : The Projecte Moviment Randomized Controlled Trial

Lifestyle interventions are promising strategies to promote cognitive health in aging. Projecte Moviment examines if aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT), and their combination (COMB) improves cognition, psychological health, and physical status compared to a control group. We assessed the moderating role of age and sex and the mediating effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA), and psychological health on intervention-related cognitive benefits. This was a 12-week multi-domain, single-blind, proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial (RCT). 96 healthy adults aged 50-70 years were assigned to AE, CCT, COMB, and a wait-list control group. The per protocol sample, which completed the intervention with a level of adherence > 80%, consisted of 82 participants (62% female; age = 58.38 ± 5.47). We assessed cognition, psychological health, CRF, and energy expenditure in PA at baseline and after the intervention. We regressed change in each outcome on the treatment variables, baseline score, sex, age, and education. We used PROCESS Macro to perform the mediation and moderation analyses. AE benefited Working Memory (SMD = 0.29, p = 0.037) and Attention (SMD = 0.33, p = 0.028) including the Attention-Speed (SMD = 0.31, p = 0.042) domain, compared to Control. COMB improved Attention (SMD = 0.30, p = 0.043), Speed (SMD = 0.30, p = 0.044), and the Attention-Speed (SMD = 0.30, p = 0.041) domain. CTT group did not show any cognitive change compared to Control. Sportive PA (S-PA) and CRF increased in AE and COMB. Age and sex did not moderate intervention-related cognitive benefits. Change in S-PA, but not in CRF, significantly mediated improvements on Attention-Speed in AE. A 12-week AE program improved Executive Function and Attention-Speed in healthy late-middle-aged adults. Combining it with CCT did not provide further benefits. Our results add support to the clinical relevance of even short-term AE as an intervention to enhance cognition and highlight the mediating role of change in S-PA in these benefits

Effects of Aerobic Exercise, Cognitive and Combined Training on Cognition in Physically Inactive Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Adults: The Projecte Moviment Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Lifestyle interventions are promising strategies to promote cognitive health in aging. Projecte Moviment examines if aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT), and their combination (COMB) improves cognition, psychological health, and physical status compared to a control group. We assessed the moderating role of age and sex and the mediating effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA), and psychological health on intervention-related cognitive benefits. Methods: This was a 12-week multi-domain, single-blind, proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial (RCT). 96 healthy adults aged 50-70 years were assigned to AE, CCT, COMB, and a wait-list control group. The per protocol sample, which completed the intervention with a level of adherence > 80%, consisted of 82 participants (62% female; age = 58.38 ± 5.47). We assessed cognition, psychological health, CRF, and energy expenditure in PA at baseline and after the intervention. We regressed change in each outcome on the treatment variables, baseline score, sex, age, and education. We used PROCESS Macro to perform the mediation and moderation analyses. Results: AE benefited Working Memory (SMD = 0.29, p = 0.037) and Attention (SMD = 0.33, p = 0.028) including the Attention-Speed (SMD = 0.31, p = 0.042) domain, compared to Control. COMB improved Attention (SMD = 0.30, p = 0.043), Speed (SMD = 0.30, p = 0.044), and the Attention-Speed (SMD = 0.30, p = 0.041) domain. CTT group did not show any cognitive change compared to Control. Sportive PA (S-PA) and CRF increased in AE and COMB. Age and sex did not moderate intervention-related cognitive benefits. Change in S-PA, but not in CRF, significantly mediated improvements on Attention-Speed in AE. Conclusion: A 12-week AE program improved Executive Function and Attention-Speed in healthy late-middle-aged adults. Combining it with CCT did not provide further benefits. Our results add support to the clinical relevance of even short-term AE as an intervention to enhance cognition and highlight the mediating role of change in S-PA in these benefits

Immobilization of Hazardous Wastes on One-Part Blast Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymers

: The immobilization of hazardous wastes in ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based materials has been widely studied and implemented. OPC-based materials have a high carbon footprint associated with their production and geopolymer materials are a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. Therefore, this work aimed to immobilize two hazardous industrial wastes: copper wastewater sludge and phosphogypsum in one-part geopolymer materials. For that purpose, the precursor was partially substituted by these wastes (5, 10 and 20 wt.%) in the formulations. The geopolymer fresh and hardened state properties were evaluated, and the immobilisation of pollutants was determined through leaching tests. In phosphogypsum pastes (PG5, PG10 and PG20) it was observed that the compressive strength decreased with the increase in its amount, varying between 67 MPa and 19 MPa. In copper sludge pastes, the compressive strength of the specimens (CWS5 and CWS10) reached ~50 MPa. The mortars, MPG10 and MCWSs10, had compressive strengths of 13 MPa and 21 MPa, respectively. Leaching tests showed that pastes and mortars immobilise the hazardous species of the wastes, except for As from copper sludge, whose the best result was found in the compact paste (CWSs10) that leached 2 mg/kg of As. Results suggest that optimized compositions are suitable for the construction sectorThis research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), grant number PID2020-116461RB-C21 and Agencia de Innovación y Desarrollo de Andalucía (IDEA) grant number UHU-1255876. This work was done in the scope of the project CICECO- Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020, co-financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC. This research was funded by FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology), grant number 2020.01135.CEECIND (R.M.N.) and SFRH/BD/144562/2019 (J.C.

Effects and mechanisms of mindfulness training and physical exercise on cognition, emotional wellbeing, and brain outcomes in chronic stroke patients: Study protocol of the MindFit project randomized controlled trial

Background: Post-stroke cognitive and emotional complications are frequent in the chronic stages of stroke and have important implications for the functionality and quality of life of those affected and their caregivers. Strategies such as mindfulness meditation, physical exercise (PE), or computerized cognitive training (CCT) may benefit stroke patients by impacting neuroplasticity and brain health. Materials and methods: One hundred and forty-one chronic stroke patients are randomly allocated to receive mindfulness-based stress reduction + CCT (n = 47), multicomponent PE program + CCT (n = 47), or CCT alone (n = 47). Interventions consist of 12-week home-based programs five days per week. Before and after the interventions, we collect data from cognitive, psychological, and physical tests, blood and stool samples, and structural and functional brain scans. Results: The effects of the interventions on cognitive and emotional outcomes will be described in intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. We will also explore potential mediators and moderators, such as genetic, molecular, brain, demographic, and clinical factors in our per-protocol sample. Discussion: The MindFit Project is a randomized clinical trial that aims to assess the impact of mindfulness and PE combined with CCT on chronic stroke patients' cognitive and emotional wellbeing. Furthermore, our design takes a multimodal biopsychosocial approach that will generate new knowledge at multiple levels of evidence, from molecular bases to behavioral changes. Clinical trial registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04759950