Standardization of Alternative Methods for Nanogenotoxicity Testing in Drosophila melanogaster Using Iron Nanoparticles: A Promising Link to Nanodosimetry

The remarkable advancement of nanotechnology has triggered enormous production of metal nanoparticles and nanomaterials for diverse applications in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. Nanotechnology has facilitated understanding and analysing nanotoxicology in a holistic approach. Iron nanoparticles have been of special interest in recent research owing to their dynamic, paramagnetic, and catalytic properties. Research studies (in vitro model) have demonstrated the lack of toxicity in nanoiron. The present study design involves in vivo toxicity assessment of nanoiron at specific concentrations of 0.1 mM, 1 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM in Drosophila. DNA fragmentation assay in exposed and F1 population showed first-line toxicity to flies. Viability and reproductive ability were assessed at 24-hour and 48-hour intervals and thus indicated no statistical significance between the exposed and control groups. The wing spot assay has expressed transparent lack of toxicity in the studied concentrations of nanoiron. Protein profiling has demonstrated that the protein profiles have been intact in the larvae which confirm lack of toxicity of nanoiron. This leads to concluding that nanoiron at the defined concentrations is neither genotoxic nor mutagenic

IN VIVO EVALUATION OF GENOTOXICTY OF Acorus calamus MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES

Abstract: Metal nanomaterials are found to have a potential application in catalysis, photonics, optics and biomedicine. Silver nanoparticles have gained immense interest and have been exploited over the years to expand their applications. Green synthesis is one of the recently developed methods for synthesizing silver nanoparticles using different organisms such as plant, bacteria and fungi. The present study is aimed to synthesize and characterize the silver nanoparticles using Acorus calamus plant extract and to check their genotoxicity using Drosophila as the model organism. Acorus calamus green silver nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM) and ultraviolet and visible (UV-VIS) spectrum. The in vivo toxicity of the synthesised green silver nanoparticles was tested on flies. Three defined concentrations of the NPs(10mg/L, 50mg/L and 100mg/L) was chosen; and the flies were exposed to food mixed with the above defined concentrations for 24 hours along with a negative control. Post 24 hours, phenotypic changes in the flies were observed under the stereo zoom microscope and documented. Also, the DNA from flies (post exposure) was isolated using phenol chloroform method and subjected to DNA fragmentation assay. Marked phenotypic changes in terms of discoloration were observed. DNA fragmentation assay revealed distinct shearing in all three concentrations on comparison with the control. Novelty of this present study is that the evaluation of green nanoparticles with Drosophila as the model organism