Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Identification of flavonoids from the aquatic pteridophyte Azolla microphylla using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

1125-1128Among the several phytochemical constituents flavonoids are important as they exhibit considerable antioxidant activity and are also reported to have antimicrobial activity. Hence in this study HPTLC analysis was carried out to detect flavonoids using Chloroform-Ethyl acetate-Glacial acetic acid as mobile phase and quercetin and kaempferol as standard. The whole plants of Azolla microphylla showed at least eight different types of flavonoids with Rf values ranging between 0.06 to 0.97 and the flavonoids identified in the extracts were quercetin and kaempferol

Isomerisation of α-pinene oxide over B2O 3/SiO2 and Al-MSU catalysts

10.1016/j.cattod.2004.06.117Catalysis Today963147-153CATT

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Unlocking nature's potential: Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their multifaceted applications – A concise overview

In recent years, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) have gained tremendous attention attributed to their unique properties. It is the most desirable group of nanostructures as far as both structure and properties are concerned. It is an adaptable material that has distinctive properties, such as high sensitivity, large specific area, non-toxicity, good compatibility, and a high isoelectric point, which favors it to be considered with a few exceptions. They are utilized in an expanding number of mechanical items, for example, elastic, paint, coating, cosmetics, supercapacitors, Lithium batteries, color-sensitized sun-powered cells, photocatalysis, biosensors, biomedical and characteristic applications. They have brought a promising potential up in biomedicine, especially in the fields of anticancer and antibacterial fields, which are locked in with their solid ability to trigger plenitude reactive oxygen species (ROS) creation, discharge zinc particles, and instigate cell apoptosis. ZNPs have also been successfully utilized to transport and load drugs to target locations as drug carriers, reducing undesirable toxicity and non-target effects and increasing the synergistic effects. In addition, ZNPs display outstanding light assets and this property has made them one of the chief bioimaging applicants Thus, this paper reviews the biological synthesis of ZNPs by the microbes, the mechanisms of the biological synthesis, parameters for the optimization process and their potential application as an antimicrobial agent and feed supplement in the animal industry as well as their toxicological hazards on animals. Here, we summarize the synthesis and recent advances of ZNPs in the biomedical fields, which will be helpful for facilitating their future research progress and focusing on biomedical fields