APTx: better activation function than MISH, SWISH, and ReLU's variants used in deep learning

Activation Functions introduce non-linearity in the deep neural networks. This nonlinearity helps the neural networks learn faster and efficiently from the dataset. In deep learning, many activation functions are developed and used based on the type of problem statement. ReLU's variants, SWISH, and MISH are goto activation functions. MISH function is considered having similar or even better performance than SWISH, and much better than ReLU. In this paper, we propose an activation function named APTx which behaves similar to MISH, but requires lesser mathematical operations to compute. The lesser computational requirements of APTx does speed up the model training, and thus also reduces the hardware requirement for the deep learning model.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Feasibility study on hydrogen storage, distribution and utilization for power generation and transportation in Sugarcane Industry in Queensland

Based on sugarcane bagasse production of 220,000 tonnes/year, the Mackay Sugar Limited’s Racecourse mill could potentially produce 2570 tonnes of hydrogen per year by using pyrolysis and pressure swing adsorption. Power generation at the mill was simulated with RETEscreen, using the syngas produced by pyrolysis process where the syngas is fed in to a 38MW gas turbine or a reciprocating engine. The most profitable power generation option was found to be operating a gas turbine which gives an internal rate of return of 12.9%. Rest of the syngas goes through the pressure swing adsorption process to separate hydrogen from other gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Production cost of low-pressure hydrogen was calculated as $2.78/kg, liquid hydrogen$3.80/kg and hydrogen at 350bar $ 3.87/kg. Liquid hydrogen storage vessel size was simulated using HOMER Pro software and a minimum 100 tonnes of storage was found to be required. Hydrogen at 350bar pressure is used to fuel cane trains and haul trucks to analyse the economic feasibility and the results shows positive internal rate of returns but below the Makcay Sugar Limited anticipated percentage of 12%. A life cycle analysis of the production process was conducted using GaBi software with system boundaries of sugarcane harvesting to 350bar hydrogen production. Results indicate the global warming potential of producing 1kg of hydrogen to be 4.51kgCO2-eq. The overall life cycle analysis proves the hydrogen production process is helping to reduce ecological footprints which are lot higher in fossil fuel production processes

Comparing Competitive Balance in Australian Sports Leagues

During the period following the founding of the Australian Football League (AFL) of the teamsalary cap in 1985 and the player draft at the end of 1986, within-season competitive balance(measured by the seasonal distribution of team win percents) has increased. This paper continuesthe investigation into whether the improvement in competitive equilibrium in the AFL can beattributed to these labor market changes by examining competitive balance issues and labor marketchanges in two other Australian sports leagues, the National Basketball League (NBL) and theNational Rugby League (NRL).The measurement of competitive equilibrium in this idea is expanded to include a simple measureof between-season competitive balance, namely the distribution of championships/premiershipsamongst teams/clubs. The evidence argues that since 1985 with in-season competitive balance(measured by ASD/ISD ratios) has increased slightly in all three leagues, and both pre- and post-1985 the NRL has been the most balanced and the NBL the least balanced. The distribution ofchampionships/premierships is, in general, also more even in the period post-1985 period in allthree conferences

State Resolved Sliced Imaging Of Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation

This dissertation focuses on unimolecular dissociations of molecules under colissionless conditions with IRMPD. IRMPD was used as the dissociation technique in these studies since roaming type dissociations predominates from the ground electronic state. DC slice imaging was used with REMPI as the detection technique to study the products in a state selective manner to understand the nano scale dynamics of unimolecular dissociations. In the investigation of photodissociation dynamics of nitromethane and methyl nitrite with IRMPD, nitromethane show very low translational energy release of the photofragments and resemble the “roaming” pathway in the dissociation of nitromethane. The difference in the intensities of the averaged images show the presence of the lambda doublet propensity during the dissociation of nitromethane. In contrast, methyl nitrite does not show lambda doublet propensity while giving extra few kcal/mol during the dissociation into products relative to nitroethane supporting the conclusion of roaming mediated isomerization of nitromethane into methyl nitrite prior to dissociation. The studies were extended for the C-2, C-3, and C-4 systems to generalize the idea of isomerization of nitro compound to nitrite prior to dissociation. The studies suggested that the C-2 and the C-3 system predominates via the isomerization channel to give NO as a product despite the fact that the CME channel threshold is lower. Nitrobutane, however, show some distinct behavior than the C-2 and C-3 systems. The reason may be the presence of a 6-membered transition state or another pathway for the C-4 system which is not available for the C-2 and C-3 systems. Even though roaming reactions are more popular from the ground electronic state dissociations, NO3 molecule was reported roaming dissociations on an excited electronic. The two experimental sets carried out to understand the photodissociation of NO3 shows the roaming type dissociation of both D0 and D1 surfaces while suggesting a possible different dissociation pathway for the excited NO3. In the study of IRMPD of vinyl chloride, translational energy distributions suggest that vinyl chloride dissociate via the 3-C transition state while giving vibrationally and rotationally cold vinylidene as a product