Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume

The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (rg =-0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness

A Study on C.5 Decision Tree Classification Algorithm for Risk Predictions During Pregnancy

AbstractComplication during pregnancy has turned out o be a major problem for women of today's era. Pregnant women must be protected from these complications arising in period of gestation, a stage wherein every woman undergoes many physiological changes, sometimes inducing severe health problems leading to death of both mother and fetus. Technological interventions in the field of medical diagnosis can largely help to find a solution for this problem to protecting pregnant women, thus in turn reducing maternal and fetal mortalities to great extents. Decision Tree Classification method is a popularly used method whose algorithms are best suitable in medical diagnosis. C4.5 Decision Tree algorithm is one of the popular and effectively used classifier for pregnancy data classification in present study. The main aim of this paper is to pinpoint the importance of standardization of parameters selected for data collection in study, compare the results obtained from C4.5 classifier on both un-standardized and standardized datasets and analyse the performance of the C4.5 algorithm in terms of its prediction accuracy when applied on the created database from collected and standardized pregnancy data

Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical investigations of azo dyes derived from 2-amino-6-ethoxybenzothiazole

In this paper, we reported the three novel heterocyclic azo dyes prepared by the diazotization method using 2-amino-6-ethoxybenzothiazole with three different coupling compounds under suitable optimized experimental conditions. Structural features of the title compounds have been accomplished by the various analytical techniques like UV–Visible absorption spectra, FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C), elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. Also, solvatochromism of the prepared azo dyes was studied at different solvents with increasing polarity. Further, the electrochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated by using cyclic voltammetric technique. The effects of sulphuric acid and scan rate are also studied at glassy carbon electrode. The overall reaction is diffusion controlled and tentative electrode reaction mechanism was proposed. © 201

Prospective Study of Indications and Outcomes of Implant Removal in Orthopaedic Surgeries

Background:Fracture fixation has become improved with the advancements and usage of new and custom metal implants for each type of fracture. Once the union has occured, implant may or may not be removed depending on the implant. Implant removal are among the most commonly performed surgical techniques worldwide. Routine removal is suggested by some surgeons and opposed by others. Nevertheless, some patients require removal of the implants because of various implant related problems. The removal of implants after fracture healing has always been a controversial issue and are associated with complications. Aims of this study was to identify the most common causes for implant removal and complications associated with that.Methods:The present study was carried out from November 2018 to October 2020 at Rajarajeshwari medical college and Hospital. During this period 66 patients underwent implant removal. All patients were operated before for the upper and lower limb fractures. Regular follow up was done periodically for 4 months to evaluate x-rays and functional outcome with questionarie which were developed by Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, Germany. Helios Medical Center Wuppertal, ZBAF, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.Results:A total of 60 patients were studied. 38 of them were male and 22 were females. The mean age was 38 years. The reasons for removal of implants were found to lie in following categories: Pain, doctor recommendation, prominent hardware, infected hardware, elective (patient’s insistence), and other reasons (implant failure). Overall, the most frequently removed implants in our series were tibialnail (19.69% of implants removed), forearm plate (16.66%). 60 out of 66 patients that is 90.90 % were responding patients and 16.66 % of the patients who suffered from subsequent complications. After implant removal because of pain or impaired function (77.55 %) of the patient reported decreased pain, (69.23 %) of patients reported improvement in function as well as. Conclusion:The clinical indications for the implant removal are not well defined, and few definitive data exist to guide whether the routine implant removal is appropriate. Symptomatic implant frequently needs removal. We have found that pain and implant prominence (mechanical symptoms) are the most common indications. Infection is the next most common, followed by hardware failure. Removal of the implant is also challenging and frequently troublesome nature of surgical hardware removal and wear of the implant may make its removal difficult

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Not AvailableSemen was collected from the exotic stallions and exotic jacks (n=5 each) using an artificial vagina. The fresh semen was treated with primary extender and centrifuged to remove seminal plasma. Sperm pellet obtained after centrifugation was equally divided to receive secondary extender containing same amount (5%) of different permeable cryoprotectants, either glycerol (Gly) or dimethyl formamide (DMF) before submitting for cryopreservation. Various sperm parameters were assessed at pre-freeze and post-thaw stage which revealed differences (p<0.05) in motility, liveability, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity of stallion as well as Jack semen cryopreserved with DMF or Gly. A variation (p<0.05) existed between individual stallions and jacks extended either with DMF or Gly. In brief, cryoprotectant DMF for stallion and Gly for jack semen were suitable for retaining the plasma and acrosome integrity of spermatozoa.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableWe investigated the effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on the development of the ovarian follicles, corpus luteum (CL), conceptus and certain reproductive events in Marwari mares, since it is reported to improve reproduction in cows. Accordingly, non-lactating mares (n = 20) were randomly assigned into two groups (10 per group) and fed either the control diet (CTR) or a diet enriched with fish oil (FOS) to supplement n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at the rate of 64 mg/kg body weight/day for 70 days or until 45 days postovulation in the mares that became pregnant. Estrus was detected using a teaser and insemination was performed using frozen thawed semen in the experimental mares. Development of the ovarian follicle, CL and conceptus were recorded using trans-rectal ultrasonography. Plasma concentrations of progesterone and estradiol were estimated by radioimmunoassay. In the FOS group, the diameter of the largest follicle from day 4 of estrus until ovulation, and the diameter of the CL on day 7 post-ovulation (D7PO) were greater (P<0.05). However, on day 15 post-ovulation (D15PO), the CL diameter increased significantly in the pregnant mares. Dietary fish oil significantly improved the development of the embryo as evidenced by an increase in the diameter of the embryonic vesicle on day 15 post-ovulation (D15PO), and the embryo proper on day 28 post ovulation (D28PO). Further, the mean plasma estradiol concentration was higher on the day of estrus onset (P<0.05) and day 4 of estrus (P<0.01) in the FOS group. Similarly, dietary fish oil significantly increased the plasma progesterone on D15PO in the pregnant mares (P<0.01). Although the duration of estrus was shorter by 19 hours (P<0.05), the length of the estrous cycle did not vary in the FOS group. A non-significant increase in the pregnancy rate was observed in the mares that received fish oil. It was concluded that dietary fish oil supplementation improved ovarian function and embryonic development in the Marwari mares. © 2018, University of Zagreb, Facultty of Veterinary Medicine. All rights reservedNot Availabl