Stateful metadata for big data

Large volumes of data, characterized by large variety and high update velocities, pose challenges in terms of storage, application of concurrently occurring frequent updates, and serving processes that require the most accurate version of the data simultaneously. In most current schemes, it is not possible to guarantee all of these characteristics and a relaxing one or more requirements is necessary. The present disclosure describes a scalable, easy-to-maintain metadata mechanism that is fast and efficient to update, and can provide all the above guarantees on data. The metadata maintains lightweight validity markers, and simple algebra is performed thereof to surface the most up to date and accurate data while enabling constant updates to the data in a non-blocking fashion

Single center, observational study to analyze correlation between vitamin D-3 deficiency and age in patients with orthopedic disorders

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been strongly associated with various health outcomes, including all-cause mortality. Chronic vitamin D deficiency in adults and in old age results in osteomalacia, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, and increased risk of fall and long bone fractures. Methods: We examined records of 1029 such patients and to analyze association of vitamin d-3 levels and categories of age groups (1-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80, 81-90 years). We categorized mild, moderate and severe cases age wise.Results: During the study period records for 1029 patients were evaluated, of which 347 (33.72%) male and 682 (66.27) were female the mean age with standard deviation for male was 38.25±15.64 years and for female was 41.43±15.23 years. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was present in 623 patients (61%), 189 patients (18%) had vitamin D level 20-30 ng/ml and 217 patients (21%) had sufficient levels of vitamin D.Conclusions: Our study concludes that although there is high prevalence of vitamin D-3 deficiency across all age groups among orthopedic patients, age group 31-40 years, was found to be more affected.

Investigation of the Effect of Built Orientation on Mechanical Properties and Total Cost of FDM Parts

AbstractFused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the rapid prototyping methods that produce prototypes from plastic materials such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) by laying tracks of semi-molten plastic filament onto a platform in a layer wise manner from bottom to top. In FDM, one of the critical factor is to select the build up orientation of the model since it affects the different areas of the model like main material, support material, built up time, total cost per part and most important the mechanical properties of the part. In view of this, objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the built-up orientation on the mechanical properties and total cost of the FDM parts. Experiments were carried out on STRATASYS FDM type rapid prototyping machine coupled with CATALYST software and ABS as main material. Tensile and Flexural specimens were prepared as per the ASTM standard with different built-up orientation and in three geometrical axes. It can be concluded from the experimental analysis that built orientation has significant affect on the tensile, flexural and total cost of the FDM parts. These conclusions will help the design engineers to decide on proper build orientation, so that FDM parts can be fabricated with good mechanical properties at minimum manufacturing cost

A cross-sectional study of diseases prevailing in an orthopaedic OPD at a tertiary care hospital in the Mumbai metropolitan region

Background: The orthopaedic out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital plays a crucial role in the health care system as it attends to a large number of patients. The goal of the study is to observe the etiological patterns of common issues that prevail in an Orthopaedics OPD of a hectic tertiary care hospital, which could in turn help to understand the distribution of illnesses in a particular geographical area.Methods: Analysis of 1605 patient records was carried out from the period July 2020 to December 2020, to assess the orthopaedic out-patient load and prevailing diseases. Initial medical records of the patients were analyzed and the data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS software version 1.0.Results: The primary diagnosis of patients visiting the orthopaedic OPD during the Covid-19 period are observed to be as follows: acute and chronic back ache (27.29%), arthritis (26.23%), joint stiffness (10.03%), ligamentous sprains (9.84%), neck-related problem (6.92), tendinopathies and enthesopathies (6.60%), non-specific body aches (5.11%), post-operative follow-up (4.05%),bone fractures (2.37%), soft tissue injuries (0.93%), and neuropathies (0.62%).Conclusions: The study presenting the overview of diseases prevailing in an orthopaedic OPD in a tertiary care center could help in formulating better prevention and treatment strategies to overcome such medical conditions irrespective of the presence of a pandemic

Understanding the pattern and volume of various orthopaedic disorders observed at a tertiary care hospital, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has lead to a huge loss of life and disruption of lifestyle. The pandemic has also led to disruption in the health sector, as significant changes in the pattern of hospital admissions, medical care and variations in disorders have been observed especially in the orthopaedics department. To assess the change in pattern and volume of trauma in our region, we evaluated data from our center for the pandemic period and compared it with the previous years’ data (pre-pandemic period).Methods: Comparison of orthopaedic in-patient records was carried out of the pre-pandemic and during the COVID-19 period, to assess the effect of COVID-19 on the orthopaedic in-patient load and prevailing diseases. Medical records of the patients were analyzed and the data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS software version 1.0.Results: Significant reduction in patient load was observed during the pandemic period. Cases of various types of fractures were observed to be high in number, followed by arthritis. The only disorder that was observed to be highly prevalent in both the periods is proximal femur fractures.Conclusions: A high variation was observed in both the volume and nature of trauma presentations during the COVID-19 lockdown. A significant decrease in overall admissions was observed, this could be related to the period of societal restrictions and nationwide lockdown.

Current Pattern of Use of Irrational Fixed Dose Combinations: A Prescription Audit Study

ABSTRACT Despite of provision of toolkit by WHO expert committee for identification of Irrational Fixed Dose Combianations (IFDCs) and though number of measures are taken to weed out the menace of IFDCs, it hasn't been possible to completely stop their marketing . The present study is intended to document the prevailing pattern of use of IFDCs and discuss the probable measures that can be taken to curtail their use. To know the overall pattern of prescribing IFDCs by prescription audit. To know the percentage of total number of prescribed drugs prescribed as IFDCs, most commonly prescribed IFDCs and most commonly prescribed Irrational Antimicrobial combinations. Prescriptions copied and audited between 1 st August 2011 to 31 st August 2011. The results were analysed by using descriptive statistics. Out of total prescriptions 22% of prescriptions contained at least one IFDC .Out of this, 3% of prescriptions contained ≥2 IFDCs. 10.5% of all the brand names prescribed contained some IFDC. 26% of all the prescribed IFDCs were Irrational antibiotic combination. Most commonly prescribed IFDCs were multivitamin combinations, and 2 nd most common were antipyretic-antiinflammatory combination. While the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial combination was antiprotozoal-antibacterial

Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus infection among equines in India

The seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among equines was evaluated from January 2006 to December 2009 in 13 different states of India by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and virus neutralization test (VNT). Antibodies against JEV were detected in 327 out of 3,286 (10%) equines with a maximum prevalence reported in the state of Manipur (91.7%) followed by Gujarat (18.5%), Madhya Pradesh (14.4%), and Uttar Pradesh (11.6%). Evidence of JEV infection was observed in equines in Indore (Madhya Pradesh) where a 4-fold or higher rise in antibody titer was observed in 21 out of 34 horses in November 2007 to October 2006. In March 2008, seven of these horses had a subsequent 4-fold rise in JEV antibody titers while this titer decreased in nine animals. JEV-positive horse sera had a JEV/WNV (West Nile virus) ratio over 2.0 according to the HI and/or VNT. These results indicated that JEV is endemic among equines in India