3,203 research outputs found
Imaging of fuel mixture fraction oscillations in a driven system using acetone PLIF
Measurements of fuel mixture fraction are made for a jet flame in an acoustic chamber. Acoustic forcing creates a
spatially-uniform, temporally-varying pressure field which results in oscillatory behavior in the flame . Forcing is at 22,27, 32, 37, and 55 Hz. To asses the oscillatory behavior, previous work included chemiluminescence, OH PUF, nitric oxide PUF imaging, and fuel mixture fraction measurements by infrared laser absorption. While these results illuminated what was happening to the flame chemistry, they did not provide a complete explanation as to why these things were happening. In this work, the fuel mixture fraction is measured through PUF of acetone, which is introduced into the fuel stream as a marker. This technique enables a high degree of spatial resolution of fuel/air mixture value. Both non-reacting and reacting cases were measured and comparisons are drawn with the results from the previous work. It is found that structure in the mixture fraction oscillations is a major contributor to the magnitude of the flame oscillations
Ion and polymer dynamics in polymer electrolytes PPO-LiClO4: II. 2H and 7Li NMR stimulated-echo experiment
We use 2H NMR stimulated-echo spectroscopy to measure two-time correlation
functions characterizing the polymer segmental motion in polymer electrolytes
PPO-LiClO4 near the glass transition temperature Tg. To investigate effects of
the salt on the polymer dynamics, we compare results for different ether oxygen
to lithium ratios, namely, 6:1, 15:1, 30:1 and infinity. For all compositions,
we find nonexponential correlation functions, which can be described by a
Kohlrausch function. The mean correlation times show quantitatively that an
increase of the salt concentration results in a strong slowing down of the
segmental motion. Consistently, for the high 6:1 salt concentration, a high
apparent activation energy E_a=4.1eV characterizes the temperature dependence
of the mean correlation times at Tg < T< 1.1T_g, while smaller values E_a=2.5eV
are observed for moderate salt contents. The correlation functions are most
nonexponential for 15:1 PPO-LiClO4, whereas the stretching is reduced for
higher and lower salt concentrations. A similar dependence of the correlation
functions on the evolution time in the presence and in the absence of ions
indicates that addition of salt hardly affects the reorientational mechanism.
For all compositions, mean jump angles of about 15 degree characterize the
segmental reorientation. In addition, comparison of results from 2H and 7Li NMR
stimulated-echo experiments suggests a coupling of ion and polymer dynamics in
15:1 PPO-LiClO4.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figure
Just war and military morale: a brief reflection on the correlation between the legality of war and the moral repercussions for members of US and UK forces arising from the questionable legality of the campaign Iraqi Freedom of March 2003
Does it matter to a member of the military whether the military
campaign in which he is taking part is lawful or not? Despite the observation that
the crime of aggression (post Kampala 2010) constitutes a ‘leadership crime par
excellence,’ which limits any (future) criminal responsibility accordingly, the
legality or illegality of any military action under international law can create moral
implications for the common foot soldier and mid-level officer and also have a
tangible impact on the national legal frameworks under which these forces operate.
This short article uses the example of Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003) to discuss the repercussions of a—most likely—illegal military campaign for individual members
of democratic armed forces before the background of the present discussion of NATO led action in Libya
Eluding SUSY at every genus on stable closed string vacua
In closed string vacua, ergodicity of unipotent flows provide a key for
relating vacuum stability to the UV behavior of spectra and interactions.
Infrared finiteness at all genera in perturbation theory can be rephrased in
terms of cancelations involving only tree-level closed strings scattering
amplitudes. This provides quantitative results on the allowed deviations from
supersymmetry on perturbative stable vacua. From a mathematical perspective,
diagrammatic relations involving closed string amplitudes suggest a relevance
of unipotent flows dynamics for the Schottky problem and for the construction
of the superstring measure.Comment: v2, 17 pages, 8 figures, typos corrected, new figure added with 3
modular images of long horocycles,(obtained with Mathematica
Inelastic effects in molecular junctions in the Coulomb and Kondo regimes: Nonequilibrium equation-of-motion approach
Inelastic effects in the Coulomb blockade and Kondo regimes of electron
transport through molecular junctions are considered within a simple
nonequilibrium equation-of-motion (EOM) approach. The scheme is
self-consistent, and can qualitatively reproduce the main experimental
observations of vibrational features in Coulomb blockade [H.Park et al., Nature
407, 57 (2000)] and Kondo [L.H.Yu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 266802 (2004)]
regimes. Considerations similar to the equilibrium EOM approach by Meir et al.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 3048 (1991); ibid. 70, 2601 (1993)] are used on the
Keldysh contour to account for the nonequilibrium nature of the junction, and
dressing by appropriate Franck-Condon (FC) factors is used to account for
vibrational features. Results of the equilibrium EOM scheme by Meir et al. are
reproduced in the appropriate limit.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
Equidistribution Rates, Closed String Amplitudes, and the Riemann Hypothesis
We study asymptotic relations connecting unipotent averages of
automorphic forms to their integrals over the moduli space
of principally polarized abelian varieties. We obtain reformulations of the
Riemann hypothesis as a class of problems concerning the computation of the
equidistribution convergence rate in those asymptotic relations. We discuss
applications of our results to closed string amplitudes. Remarkably, the
Riemann hypothesis can be rephrased in terms of ultraviolet relations occurring
in perturbative closed string theory.Comment: 15 page
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