Not Available

Not AvailablePigs are the most potential source of meat production among various livestock species and more efficient feed converters after the broiler chicken. They are raised solely for meat production, as they are quick to multiply and can fit into diverse systems of management. Due to increasing trend of pork production and consumption in the country, it is necessary to control economically important disease in the swine population like Classical swine fever. This disease is a major constraint to the development of pig farming systems in India.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableClassical swine fever virus (CSFV) is the causative agent of one of the most devastating porcine haemorrhagic viral diseases, classical swine fever (CSF). Two main strategies to control CSF outbreaks are systematic prophylactic vaccination with live attenuated vaccines and non-vaccination stamping out policy. But these strategies have many limitations. The vaccination with live attenuated CSF vaccines makes it extremely difficult to distinguish vaccinated from infected animals since CSFV replicates in the host, even at very low rates. Thus, there is a clear need for efficient and safer marker vaccines to facilitate the control of future CSF outbreaks. Marker vaccines allowing distinction between naturally infected from vaccinated swine could complement "stamping out" measures. Here, in this review we have presented the various approaches to candidate CSFV marker vaccines. These methods are also helpful for the development of new generation vaccines against various diseases. It can be expected that new potent marker vaccines against CSFV might be commercially available and used in systematic prophylactic vaccination or emergency vaccination in the coming years.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailablePresent paper describes the dynamics of bovine herpes virus-1(BoHV-1) in breeding cattle under different housing, feeding and watering practices. Organized breeding farms A, B, C, D were selected for this study. In farm A, the animals were housed in large open shed with common grazing and drinking area. Farm B had individual pens with separate feeding facility but with common watering/drinking facility. Farm C had had individual pens, with separate feeding and drinking facility for each animal. Farm D possessed modern individual housing system with separate feeding, drinking facility, restricted personnel entry and better bio-security set up. The blood and semen samples / vaginal swabs were collected from 177 animals. Avidin- biotin ELISA recorded BoHV-1 antibodies in 56, 38.77, 21.05 and 17.5% animals in farm A, B, C and D respectively. A TaqMan probe real time PCR targeting the BoHV-1 gB gene was standardised and this assay detected BoHV-1 in 11, 3 and 3 animals in Farm A, B and C respectively. None of the samples collected from Farm D were positive for BoHV-1 by real time PCR. The study recorded higher seroprevalence as well as virus transmission in farms that had housing systems allowing closer animal to animal contacts. In view of the different modes adopted by BoHV-1 in transmission through susceptible populations, the study recommends better bio-secured housing systems that avoid closer animal to animal contacts, for production of BoHV-1 free semen and calves at breeding stations.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableClassical swine fever (CSF) is endemic in Karnataka and its outbreaks are reported every year. In the present study, blood was used for early detection of CSF virus (CSFV) in pigs by reverse transcription-polymerase chaini reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 113 blood samples were collected from 12 outbreaks suspected for CSF in nine different districts of Karnataka, of which 20 CSFV were positive by Antigen ELISA, whereas 40 samples were CSFV positive by RT-PCR using primers specific to NS5B genomic region of CSFV. Among 12 suspected outbreaks, 9 were confirmed as that of CSF. Among these, 44 samples were from pigs showing clinical symptoms and 69 samples were from in contact pigs without clinical symptoms. RT-PCR confirmed CSF from all the 30 samples from pigs with clinical symptoms in addition to 10 samples from pigs without clinical symptoms, indicating there by that the assay detected the presence of 449 bp amplicon specific to NS5B region before the appearance of the clinical symptoms. ELISA did not detect the presence of viral antigen in blood samples of in contact pigs without clinical symptoms. Our findings suggested that blood represents the most appropriate sample for early detection of CSFV infection in pigs.Not Availabl