Unveiling Protectionism: Regional Responses to Remaining Barriers in the Textiles and Clothing Trade

this chapter focuses on textile and clothing sector in boosting industrialization in developing countries.Textile and clothing industry, post-quota world

Timing of initiation of reverse displacement on the Taranaki Fault, northern Taranaki Basin: Constraints from the on land record (Oligocene Te Kuiti Group)

Structures associated with the wedge of basement overthrust into Taranaki Basin along the Taranaki Fault, are regarded as hydrocarbon plays and have been tested by drilling through the tip of the overthrust. The timing of initiation of reverse displace ment on Taranaki Fault is difficult to interpret from available seismic reflection data across it because the evidence has been masked by later movements. The record from the basin, as summarised in King & Thrasher (1996), suggests that the fault evolved from normal to reverse character during the mid-Oligocene. This was inferred from formation of a foredeep parallel to, and west of, Taranaki Fault and a marked increase in its paleo-water depth, as indicated by foraminiferal assemblages of Late Oligocene age. A comprehensive re-assessment of the lithostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the Late Eocene-Oligocene Te Kuiti Group exposed on land east of Taranaki Fault in central-western North Island, between Port Waikato and Awakino, provides new constraints on the early history of Taranaki Fault displacement. New age control has been achieved by a review of existing foraminiferal biostratigraphy combined with determination of Sr isotope ages from macrofossil samples. Six unconformity-bound sequences have been identified and mapped within the Te Kuiti Group. A major subaerial unconformity between sequences TK3 and TK4 combined with a basinward shift in the position of onlap for sequence TK4 indicate a dramatic change in stratigraphic development and basin dynamics during the mid-upper Whaingaroan at c. 29 Ma, corresponding to the change from mild extension (sag basin) to shortening across the Taranaki Fault Zone. We consider sequences TK4 – TK6 to each represent tectonic cycles of subsidence and basin inversion and we attribute the origin of these cycles to periodic locking of the Taranaki Fault décollement in underlying Murihiku basement, the accumulating strain causing uplift in the basin east of the fault zone, followed by free displacement, relaxation in the upper crust and subsidence. A 1st order model is presented of the Late Oligocene to earliest Miocene vertical and horizontal displacement of basement on the Taranaki Fault Zone for a west –east transect through Awakino. It implies that the mid- to Late Oligocene displace¬ment on the fault zone in the vicinity of Awakino was episodic, and that the thrust belt was narrow (c. 15 km). North of Kawhia Harbour there will have been a different displacement history with most of the total displacement occurring during the devel opment of the c. 29 Ma unconformity at the base of Sequence TK4, whereas to the south between Awakino and Kawhia Harbour the majority of the total displacement occurred during the Otaian and at the end of it. The model also shows that the start of reverse/thrust displacement on Taranaki Fault must have involved the development of a completely new fault trace(s), rather than involving a change of sense of movement on the pre-existing normal fault. The Manganui Fault is part of the Taranaki Fault Zone and probably became active at c. 27 Ma during development of the unconformity between sequences TK4 & TK5. The model presented here has been validated against the subsurface Oligocene stratigraphy in Taranaki Basin

Order-of-magnitude reduction of the photorefractive response time in rhodium-doped Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 with a dc electric field

We present what is to our knowledge the first report on the photorefractive properties of Rh-doped Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 and experimental results showing a reduction of the photorefractive two-beam coupling response time by more than an order of magnitude with an external dc field of 10 kV/cm

Photorefractive gain and response time of Cr-doped strontium barium niobate

We present experimental results on the photorefractive two-beam coupling constant and response time of two Cr-doped strontium barium niobate crystals with different dopant concentrations. Both showed significantly faster response times over Ce-doped SBN:60, but with corresponding decreases in their coupling constants

Spatial and temporal characteristics of electrically fixed holograms in photorefractive strontium-barium niobate

We report measurements of the holographic diffraction efficiency (HDE) of single photorefractive gratings fixed by an externally applied voltage pulse in Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb2O6. The polarization grating HDE and decay rate are strongly dependent on the grating spacing and also depend on the intensity of the light beams during the recording and erasing/reconstruction process. Knowledge of the dependence of the fixing process on spatial frequency may be useful for the creation of physical models of local polarization switching in ferroelectrics

Development of Flotation Reagents with Chelating Functional Groups

Recently in search for new methodology for flotation separation of complex, studies have been directed to develop reagents with chelating functional groups. Some of the chalating reagents have been successfully utilised as flotaids. This papers presents the design, selectivity and development of chelating type flotation reagents. The chemistry and applications of chelating type reagents for flotation of complex Indian ores are presented. The general mechanism of chelating reagent-mineral interaction is highlighted

Electrical fixing of photorefractive holograms in Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb2O6

Photorefractive holograms stored in Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb2O6 crystals are electrically fixed at room temperature. The fixed holograms can be read out directly or after a positive-voltage pulse is applied that can dramatically enhance the diffraction efficiency. Single gratings as well as images are recorded and fixed

Selective page-addressable fixing of volume holograms in Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb2O6 crystals

We demonstrate selective fixing of volume holograms in photorefractive media. Each holographic page may be fixed individually and overwritten without destroying the other fixed pages. We present experimental results describing this process in Cr-doped Sr0.75Ba0.5Nb2O6 at room temperature, with hologram lifetimes exceeding 100 days during continuous readout with an intense beam (1 W/cm^2)

Light-induced absorption in photorefractive strontium barium niobate

Sr0.59Bao.41Nb2O6 and Sro.75Bao.25Nb2O6 exhibit an intensity-dependent absorption in the visible spectral range. We perform pump (green)-probe (red) measurements and find variation as high as 0.45 cm-' in the absorption coefficient, which depends significantly on the polarization of the probe light beam. Our results indicate a nonexponential dark decay time of the induced absorption and suggest that the trapping potential of the shallow traps varies significantly from one trap to another (multiple isolated shallow traps)