Antinutritional Factors of some Wild Edible Fruits from Kolhapur District

Total 8 wild edible fruits were studied for their antinutrional factors viz. Ficus racemosa L., Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr., Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., Ziziphus rugosa Lamk., Meyna laxiflora Robyns., Cordia dichotoma Linn., Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. etc. The highest level of phytate were present in Ficus racemosa.,  Glycosmis pentaphylla shows the highest level of oxalic acid and tannin is higher in Flacourtia indica where as saponin is rich in Meyna laxiflora

Length-Weight Relationship in Salmostoma navacula and Channa muralius Godavari River at Kaigaon Toka, Dist. Aurangabad (M.S.) India

The length-weight relationship of Salmostoma navacula and Channa muralius were studied Godavari River at Kaigaon Toka from January 2010 to December 2010. The exponential value of fishes indicates allometric growth pattern in the natural habitat. The logarithmatic regression equation obtained in Salmostoma navacula was log W = -0.531+1.70 LogL and in Channa muralius was Log W = -0.067+1.45 LogL. The coefficient of correlation in Salmostoma navacula was r = 0.711 and in Channa muralius was r = 0.967. Which shows the correlation factor revealed positive correlation between length and weight

On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection

A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)

Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

Relationship of edge localized mode burst times with divertor flux loop signal phase in JET

A phase relationship is identified between sequential edge localized modes (ELMs) occurrence times in a set of H-mode tokamak plasmas to the voltage measured in full flux azimuthal loops in the divertor region. We focus on plasmas in the Joint European Torus where a steady H-mode is sustained over several seconds, during which ELMs are observed in the Be II emission at the divertor. The ELMs analysed arise from intrinsic ELMing, in that there is no deliberate intent to control the ELMing process by external means. We use ELM timings derived from the Be II signal to perform direct time domain analysis of the full flux loop VLD2 and VLD3 signals, which provide a high cadence global measurement proportional to the voltage induced by changes in poloidal magnetic flux. Specifically, we examine how the time interval between pairs of successive ELMs is linked to the time-evolving phase of the full flux loop signals. Each ELM produces a clear early pulse in the full flux loop signals, whose peak time is used to condition our analysis. The arrival time of the following ELM, relative to this pulse, is found to fall into one of two categories: (i) prompt ELMs, which are directly paced by the initial response seen in the flux loop signals; and (ii) all other ELMs, which occur after the initial response of the full flux loop signals has decayed in amplitude. The times at which ELMs in category (ii) occur, relative to the first ELM of the pair, are clustered at times when the instantaneous phase of the full flux loop signal is close to its value at the time of the first ELM

TB and HIV coinfection- GeneXpert a comparable tool to Line probe assay for diagnosis of MDR TB

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV duo forms the deadly synergy- the patients with these diseases more often will have unfavourable outcomes. It is important to see HIV TB correlation ad drug resistance in case of tuberculosis. Aims and objectives:1. To detect HIV seropositivity in newly diagnosed sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.2. To detect rifampicin resistance by CBNAAT.3. To detect drug resistance of first and second line antitubercular drugs by conventional methods.4. Comparison of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in patients with and without HIV.Material and methods: Prospective, cross sectional study was conducted in department of microbiology for one and half year. 200 newly diagnosed sputum positive samples were collected. They were subjected to Zeil Nelson(ZN) staining, culture, culture on Loweinstein Jensen(LJ)media, GeneXpert and Line Probe Assay(LPA). HIV test was done on blood sample. Results: Out of 200 patients, 123(61.5%) were males and 77(38.5%) were females. Male: Female ratio was 1.7:1. HIV positive were 12.5% and HIV negative were 87.5%. 65% showed growth on LJ media. 85% were positive by CBNAAT. Out of 25 HIV positive cases 48% were detected by CBNAAT. 2.35% were resistant to rifampicin. On LPA, all drugs that were resistant to rifampicin, were also resistant to isoniazid but sensitive to other second line drugs’. Conclusion: HIV testing of patients with TB and susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis isolates from HIV-infected patients should be routine in settings where outbreaks or endemic transmission of MDR-TB is occurring in HIV-infected patients