262 research outputs found
Complements of tori and Klein bottles in the 4-sphere that have hyperbolic structure
Many noncompact hyperbolic 3-manifolds are topologically complements of links
in the 3-sphere. Generalizing to dimension 4, we construct a dozen examples of
noncompact hyperbolic 4-manifolds, all of which are topologically complements
of varying numbers of tori and Klein bottles in the 4-sphere. Finite covers of
some of those manifolds are then shown to be complements of tori and Klein
bottles in other simply-connected closed 4-manifolds. All the examples are
based on a construction of Ratcliffe and Tschantz, who produced 1171 noncompact
hyperbolic 4-manifolds of minimal volume. Our examples are finite covers of
some of those manifolds.Comment: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at
http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol5/agt-5-41.abs.htm
Salem numbers and arithmetic hyperbolic groups
In this paper we prove that there is a direct relationship between Salem
numbers and translation lengths of hyperbolic elements of arithmetic hyperbolic
groups that are determined by a quadratic form over a totally real number
field. As an application we determine a sharp lower bound for the length of a
closed geodesic in a noncompact arithmetic hyperbolic n-orbifold for each
dimension n. We also discuss a "short geodesic conjecture", and prove its
equivalence with "Lehmer's conjecture" for Salem numbers.Comment: The exposition in version 3 is more compact; this shortens the paper:
26 pages now instead of 37. A discussion on Lehmer's problem has been added
in Section 1.2. Final version, to appear is Trans. AM
The geometry in Plato's Meno
In this paper, we analyze the two geometrical passages in Plato's Meno, (81c
-- 85c) and (86e4 -- 87b2), from the points of view of a geometer in Plato's
time and today. We give, in our opinion, a complete explanation of the
difficult second geometrical passage. Our explanation solves an ingenious
geometry puzzle that has baffled readers of Plato's Meno for over 2,400 years.Comment: 50 pages, 21 figure
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