The comparative effects of oral famotidine and lansoprazole in prophylaxis of aspirin induced peptic ulcer in albino rat

Background: Peptic ulcer is defined as any break in the continuity of gastric or duodenal epithelial layer. There are mainly three factors which are responsible for peptic ulcer disease which are Helicobacter pylori infections, NSAIDs and stress. Famotidine is H2 receptor blocker and Lansoprazole is proton pump inhibitor which are used prophylactically in aspirin induced peptic ulcer.Methods: The experimental work was carried out on albino rat. Experiment was carried out with two ulcer protecting agents e.g-famotidine, lansoprazole and one ulcer producing agent Aspirin. Each ulcer protecting drug was used separately but simultaneously with aspirin to see their ulcer protecting efficacy. There was three groups of animals each consisting of ten albino rats. Ist group was control group which was given aspirin only.2nd group was given aspirin+famotidine, 3rd group was given aspirin+lansoprazole.Results: The prophylactically ulcer preventing activity was the most with lansoprazole and least with famotidine.Conclusions: Finally, all the two drugs like famotidine, lansoprazole prevented the ulcerogenic effects of Aspirin effectively, although not completely

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO STUDY THE SIMILARITIES OF BLOOD FLUID MODELS THROUGH INCLINED MULTI-STENOSED ARTERY

A mathematical model is presented to comparative steady of the flow behavior of Casson’s and Bingham Plastic fluid model through an inclined tube of non-uniform cross-section with multiple stenoses. The equation describing the flow has been solved and the expressions parameters on flow variables have been studied. The present study may be helpful for better understanding the flow characteristics of blood having multiple stenoses. The graphical representations have been made to validate the analytical findings with a view of its applicability to stenotic diseases. It is found that the flow of resistance increases with the height of the stenosis but decreases with the angle of inclination. The flow characteristics namely, velocity, pressure gradient, flow rate, resistance to flow have been derived. It is shown that the resistance to flow increases with the height of the secondary stenosis as well as with the yield stress. The results are compared with the available data presented by previous researchers

An intervention to improve the knowledge of anganwadi workers pertaining to growth monitoring in rural areas of Varanasi district, India

Background: Growth monitoring is one of the important functions of anganwadi workers (AWWs), for which they should have sufficient knowledge and training. With this background it was hypothesized that educational intervention can make a difference in the level of knowledge of AWWs in regard to growth monitoring. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the changes in knowledge of Anganwadi workers regarding growth monitoring through knowledge up-gradation training.Methodology: It was a field based interventional study, which was conducted on 66 AWWs each from Chiraigaon (intervention) and Cholapur (control) blocks of Varanasi district. The primary tool in this study was a pre-designed and pretested interview schedule for collecting information’s pertaining to study objective.Results: The mean score of knowledge was around 19.7 (max. Score was 30) in both the blocks during baseline survey and almost all the AWWs were having either average or good knowledge of growth monitoring. Post intervention a significant (p<0.01) difference has been observed between the mean knowledge scores of AWWs in intervention (25.32±2.44) and control (20.35±2.70) blocks and as much as 48.5% of AWWs were having excellent knowledge about growth monitoring in Chiraigaon block (p<0.01), while the situation was unchanged in Cholapur block.Conclusion: The knowledge up-gradation was found effective in improving the knowledge status of AWWs with regard to growth monitoring.

Variability in yield traits of TILLING population of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Mutagenesis is one of the powerful genetic strategies for crop improvement programmes. A chemically induced mutated genetic resource for detecting novel variations by Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) has been developed in recently released bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar DPW621-50. A total of 3,478 M2 plants were evaluated for plant height, number of tillers/plant, thousand grain weight, number of seeds/spike and grain yield/plant. A large variation was observed for all the traits. The highest frequency (52.2%) of lines had similar height between 91-100 cm to the non-mutagenized DPW 621-50 control followed by 28.9% of lines with height between 81-90 cm. A large variation was observed in number of tillers/plant which ranged from 1-35 tillers/plant. The highest frequency (32.09%) lines had 31-40 seeds/spike followed by 29.84% lines with 41-50 seeds/spike. Few lines (0.35%) had more than 70 seeds/spike with normal seed size as their thousand grain weight ranged between 34.82-43.82g. Chlorophyll deficient, grassy type and sterile mutants were also observed. This population may serve as new genetic resource for functional genomics studies and novel variants for different traits in elite germplasm can be made available to the plant breeders for wheat improvement

Assessment of spatio-temporal variations in surface water quality of Ghaggar River (North-Western, India) utilized for drinking and agricultural purposes

In the present study, statistical analyses (descriptive and principal component analysis) were applied to Ghaggar River surface water data set monitored in the month of June 2006 and 2007 to check spatio-temporal variations in water quality. From these, two summer observations were taken into consideration because in summer season, high concentrations are observed for different water constituents. The various physico-chemical constituents like pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, Cl-, HCO3-, CO32-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, F-, SO42- and PO43- were analyzed. Statistical results revealed that water quality variables were totally different during the two summer observations.Keywords: Principal component analysis, spatio-temporal variations, water quality, summer season

Photo-damage to Keratinocytes by Quinine Photosensitization under mild Ultraviolet-B Exposure

Simultaneous and sufficient exposure to sunlight and drug cause phototoxic reactions in the skin. In the present study, the photosensitizing activity of quinine (Q) was studied. Evidences obtained by reduction of cell viability, mitochondrial damage, DNA damage, ROS generation, lysosome damage and phosphatidyl serine translocation as a marker of apoptosis indicates that exposure of quinine treated keratinocytes to UV-B radiation results in quinine photosensitization and subsequent reactions which alter normal cellular processes. Quinine absorbs strongly in UV-B region (330 nm). It reduced viability of cells significantly as observed through MTT assay. Reduction of cell viability was confirmed through accumulation of Rhodamine 123 dye which showed that quinine and UV-B treated cells accumulate less than control cells confirmed that mitochondrial membrane potential was disturbed. Increased intracellular ROS production was measured through DCF fluorescence. Early apoptosis was confirmed through phosphatidyl serine translocation in the membrane. Increased lysosome damage was observed through acridine orange accumulation in the lysosmes. Single stranded damage was confirmed through comet assay and apoptosis was confirmed through EB/AO staining.&nbsp; These results show that UV-B radiation elicits phototoxic effects in keratinocytes through reactive oxygen species generation

Erenumab aooe: a milestone for the preventive treatment of migraine

Migraine is a complex neurological condition, which can affect the whole body and can result in many symptoms as nausea, vomiting, photophobia (Increased sensitivity to light), phonobhobia (Increased sensitivity to sound) and osmophobia (Increased sensitivity to smell). Neurological symptoms that include visual disturbances such as blind spots, distorted vision, flashing lights or zigzag patterns. Other common symptoms includes- dizziness, vertigo, tingling sensations in the limbs, an inability to concentrate, confusion, difficulty in speaking, paralysis or loss of consciousness (in very rare cases). These symptoms, often called ‘aura’. Migraine attacks may differ in their frequency, duration and severity, although, normally they last between 4 and 72 hours, and most people are symptom-free between attacks. There are many drugs for the treatment of acute attack of migraine which can be divided into mild, moderate and severe attacks. In mild case NSAIDs like Paracetamol, Ibuprofen are prescribed. In moderate cases Anti-emetics like metoclopramide, domperidone can be prescribe with combinations of NSAIDs or triptans as sumatriptan. In case of severe cases triptans can be prescribed with ergot alkaloids and antiemetics. Following drugs are prescribed for the prophylaxis of migraine as sodium valproate, amitriptyline (Tricyclic antidepressant), propranolol and metoprolol (beta blockers). Erenumab-aooe is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist. It is specifically indicated for the preventative treatment of migraine in adults. Erenumab-aooe is supplied as an injection for subcutaneous use. The recommended dosage is 70 mg injected subcutaneously once monthly. Some patients may benefit from a dosage of 140 mg injected subcutaneously once monthly, which is administered as two consecutive subcutaneous injections of 70 mg each. Erenumab-aooe is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor and antagonizes CGRP receptor function

Thermo-acoustics and its detection in a premixed flame

A new optical technique based on light-matter interaction is devised in-house to detect thermo-acoustic disturbances generated after ignition and during propagation of a premixed flame front in a half open channel. The technique involves passing a polarized laser light through a medium whose density or refractive index varies due to the passage of acoustic waves and/or flame front and then capturing the leaked depolarised light through an analyser by a photo-detector. The technique is applied to combustor involving premixed flame propagation and tulip inversion. The thermo-acoustic signals and the flame front are distinguished by comparing the oscilloscope signal with high speed photography of the flow-field. Acoustic waves are found to intercept the flame propagation at various axial locations and time instants