DESIGN, MANUFACTURE, AND TEST CAMPAIGN OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST LNG REFRIGERATION COMPRESSOR STRINGS

LectureIncreasing demand for LNG has driven the requirement for a significant increase in LNG plant capacity. Qatargas II (QGII), a joint venture initiated by Qatar Petroleum, is committed to accomplish this while reducing plant emissions and making more efficient use of energy resources. The Qatargas II LNG project has applied the AP-XTM process for two large LNG trains (7.8 MTA) presently under construction in Qatar at Ras Laffan Industrial City (RLIC). Approximately 280 MW of refrigeration compression will be required to achieve this goal. This paper addresses the design, manufacture, and test campaign of the world’s largest LNG refrigeration compressor strings

Hydrologic Impacts of Energy Production

Proceedings of the 2011 Georgia Water Resources Conference, April 11, 12, and 13, 2011, Athens, Georgia.Global future energy requirements will likely require substantial investments in power production facilities. Both hydro- and thermo-electric power production require water as part of their operations, some of which is water consumptive (i.e., water is lost by evaporation as part of the cooling or storage process), while other water use is nonconsumptive (i.e., water is returned to the source). Both consumptive and non-consumptive water uses may affect water quantity and quality, such as increased thermal load, decreased hydrologic connectivity, and alteration of natural flow regimes. This presentation discusses the main features of the water-energy nexus with the goal of establishing a framework for evaluating the hydrologic impacts of energy production.Sponsored by: Georgia Environmental Protection Division U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Water Science Center U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Water Resources Institute The University of Georgia, Water Resources FacultyThis book was published by Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2152. The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views or policies of The University of Georgia, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Water Research Institute as authorized by the Water Research Institutes Authorization Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-307) or the other conference sponsors

Interviews of Georgia Water Resources Scientists and Managers

Proceedings of the 2001 Georgia Water Resources Conference, April 26 and 27, 2001, Athens, Georgia.Federal and state legislation requires Source Water Assessment and Protection Plans, Watershed Assessments, and Total Maximum Daily Loads. Georgia water resource professionals need tools to implement these legal mandates, educate the public, allocate resources, and plan for the future. BASINS is an environmental analysis system created by EPA for TMDL development. A masters thesis conducted by the first author explores issues involved with coupling spatial analysis with hydrologic modeling. The thesis evaluates the use of BASINS in Georgia based on criteria selected from federal and state legislation, and from interviews with federal, state, and local water resource professionals. Trial simulations are run to compare modeling over a range of watershed sizes, to examine issues of importing data, and to examine how BASINS can support several legal directives. A brief summary of the interviews is presented here.Sponsored and Organized by: U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Natural Resources Conservation Service, The University of Georgia, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of TechnologyThis book was published by the Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2202. The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views or policies of The University of Georgia, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Water Research Institute as authorized by the Water Resources Research Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-397) or the other conference sponsors

In-Situ Monitoring of Suspended Sediments: Development of a Densimetric Monitoring Instrument

Proceedings of the 1999 Georgia Water Resources Conference, March 30 and 31, Athens, Georgia.We present a new technique for continuously monitoring total suspended solids concentrations. Our approach is to use a differential pressure sensor to measure the fluid density within the water column. The fluid density is directly affected by the concentration of suspended solids, thus allowing us to infer the sediment concentration. Ten demonstration sites on the Broad River in northeast Georgia have been selected for comparing the densimetric technique with turbidity, grab samples, and integrated samples. Variations in sediment concentrations with stage, velocity, and temperature will be evaluated.Sponsored and Organized by: U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of TechnologyThis book was published by the Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2202 with partial funding provided by the U.S. Department of Interior, geological Survey, through the Georgia Water Research Insttitute as authorized by the Water Research Institutes Authorization Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-397). The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views or policies of the University of Georgia or the U.S. Geological Survey or the conference sponsors

Identifying sewage leaks in urban environments: Examples from Athens, GA

Sewer line failures are a major cause of stream impairment in urban areas. While many sewer line failures can be readily identi ed and cor- rected, other failures may be more di cult to rem- edy. This paper examines the general problem of sewer line failures. Speci cally, we discuss 1) the observed causes of sewer line failures, 2) methods for determining which streams are being a ected by sewer line failures, and 3) strategies for pinpointing the exact location of these failures so that they can be repaired. Examples of sewer line failures within Athens, Georgia, are used to illustrate the problems with identifying these failures.Sponsored by: Georgia Environmental Protection Division U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Water Science Center U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Water Resources Institute The University of Georgia, Water Resources Facult

The Role and Design of Water Quality Monitoring on Forested Watersheds

Proceedings of the 1993 Georgia Water Resources Conference, April 20-21, 1993, Athens, Georgia.While many point sources of pollution have been ameliorated over the last twenty years, nonpoint sources (NPSs) of pollution remain a serious threat to the nation's water quality (Reilly, 1991). On a national scale, silvi-culture is one of the leading causes of NPS pollution, and has been identified as a localized problem in the Southeast (Myers, et al., 1985). Because forested watersheds often possess the nation's best quality waters, NPS control programs for protecting these waters must be undertaken. In this paper, a conceptual framework is established that shows the complex interrelationships between management mechanisms, investigation methods, and criteria and assessment methodologies for silvicultural NPS pollution control. The role and definition of water quality monitoring for the operation of this management framework is discussed, and the fundamental components related to the design of water quality monitoring programs are discussed. The monitoring programs include monitoring objectives, sampling stations and frequency, and environmental parameters. It should be emphasized that there does not currently exist a technical guide for forest water quality monitoring in the Southeast. It is the intent of this paper, therefore, to draw upon monitoring guidelines developed for other regions, and to clarify the role of water quality monitoring and to propose general design guidelines for implementing forest water quality monitoring programs in the Southeast.Sponsored and Organized by: U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of TechnologyThis book was published by the Institute of Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 with partial funding provided by the U.S. Department of Interior, Geological Survey, through the Georgia Water Research Institute as authorized by the Water Resources Research Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-242). The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views or policies of the University of Georgia or the U.S. Geological Survey or the conference sponsors