Towards an accurate biomechanical model of the ankle

When compared with similar joint arthroplasties, the prognosis of Total Ankle Replacement (TAR) is not satisfactory although it shows promising results post surgery. To date, most models do not provide the full anatomical functionality and biomechanical range of motion of the healthy ankle joint. This has sparked additional research and evaluation of clinical outcomes in order to enhance ankle prosthesis design. However, the limited biomechanical data that exist in literature are based upon two-dimensional, discrete and outdated techniques1 and may be inaccurate. Since accurate force estimations are crucial to prosthesis design, a paper based on a new biomechanical modeling approach, providing three dimensional forces acting on the ankle joint and the surrounding tissues was published recently, but the identified forces were suspected of being under-estimated, while muscles were . The present paper reports an attempt to improve the accuracy of the analysis by means of novel methods for kinematic processing of gait data, provided in release 4.1 of the AnyBody Modeling System (AnyBody Technology, Aalborg, Denmark) Results from the new method are shown and remaining issues are discussed

ESR Spectrum of the 9‐Molybdomanganate(IV) Ion in Dilute Single Crystal

The ESR spectrum of a single crystal of (NH4)6[NI(IV)O6Mo9O26]⋅8H2O containing 1% (NH4)6‐[Mn(IV)O6Mo9O26]⋅8H2O has been investigated. This is the first ESR report on quadrivalent manganese in a chemically well‐characterized environment. The site symmetry is D3D3, and anisotropic gg values, hyperfine splittings, and zero‐field splitting values were obtained by fitting the spectrum with an axial spin Hamiltonian.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71351/2/JCPSA6-50-9-3647-1.pd

1 H -Imidazole-4-carbo­nitrile

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75107/1/S1600536805014509.pd

Complexes of copper and silver with tetracyanobiimidazole

We have recently reported the synthesis and properties of a remarkable new ligand 4,4',5,5'-tetracyano-2,2'-biimidazole (H2Tcbiim).1 This acidic ligand readily binds metal ions in its dianionic form and appears to act as a strong pi acceptor. Its use as a quadridentate bridging ligand allows study of metal-metal interactions through a planar conjugated system and extends earlier work by us2 and by Hendrickson and coworkers3 on 2,2'-biimidazole. In this communication we report on the reactions of H2Tcbiim with Ag(I), Cu(I) and Cu(II) salts.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25426/1/0000875.pd

An investigation of Prussian Blue analogues by Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility

The Mossbauer spectra and magnetic susceptibilities have been obtained for a series of Prussian Blue analogues of general formula MjA[MB(CN)6]k[middle dot]mH2O where MA and MB are transition metal ions, j and k vary with the oxidation states of MA and MB and m typically has values from 8 to 14. The compounds were prepared from the hexacyano acids or with large quaternary ammonium counterions and are therefore not contaminated with alkali cations. In each analogue, A or B is iron and the second metal is Mn, Cu, Co, Cr or Ru. In each case it was possible to assign the site (A or B), oxidation state and spin state to each transition metal ion. This group of compounds are all class II mixed valence species from their colours, but do not show evidence of linkage isomerism or redox changes compared to the starting materials. The Mossbauer linewidths are consistent with the Ludi model of Prussian Blue.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24978/1/0000405.pd

Syntheses and structure of molybdenum(O) dimers based on tetracyanobiimidazole

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25037/1/0000464.pd

Solvable Critical Dense Polymers

A lattice model of critical dense polymers is solved exactly for finite strips. The model is the first member of the principal series of the recently introduced logarithmic minimal models. The key to the solution is a functional equation in the form of an inversion identity satisfied by the commuting double-row transfer matrices. This is established directly in the planar Temperley-Lieb algebra and holds independently of the space of link states on which the transfer matrices act. Different sectors are obtained by acting on link states with s-1 defects where s=1,2,3,... is an extended Kac label. The bulk and boundary free energies and finite-size corrections are obtained from the Euler-Maclaurin formula. The eigenvalues of the transfer matrix are classified by the physical combinatorics of the patterns of zeros in the complex spectral-parameter plane. This yields a selection rule for the physically relevant solutions to the inversion identity and explicit finitized characters for the associated quasi-rational representations. In particular, in the scaling limit, we confirm the central charge c=-2 and conformal weights Delta_s=((2-s)^2-1)/8 for s=1,2,3,.... We also discuss a diagrammatic implementation of fusion and show with examples how indecomposable representations arise. We examine the structure of these representations and present a conjecture for the general fusion rules within our framework.Comment: 35 pages, v2: comments and references adde

W-Extended Fusion Algebra of Critical Percolation

Two-dimensional critical percolation is the member LM(2,3) of the infinite series of Yang-Baxter integrable logarithmic minimal models LM(p,p'). We consider the continuum scaling limit of this lattice model as a `rational' logarithmic conformal field theory with extended W=W_{2,3} symmetry and use a lattice approach on a strip to study the fundamental fusion rules in this extended picture. We find that the representation content of the ensuing closed fusion algebra contains 26 W-indecomposable representations with 8 rank-1 representations, 14 rank-2 representations and 4 rank-3 representations. We identify these representations with suitable limits of Yang-Baxter integrable boundary conditions on the lattice and obtain their associated W-extended characters. The latter decompose as finite non-negative sums of W-irreducible characters of which 13 are required. Implementation of fusion on the lattice allows us to read off the fusion rules governing the fusion algebra of the 26 representations and to construct an explicit Cayley table. The closure of these representations among themselves under fusion is remarkable confirmation of the proposed extended symmetry.Comment: 30 page

Troponin Elevations After Electroconvulsive Therapy: The Need for Caution

BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat patients with severe or resistant depression. Troponin elevations are associated with an adverse prognosis, and it is well known that central nervous system insults can cause biochemical evidence of cardiac injury. No study previously has studied this with electroconvulsive therapy. METHODS: Patients scheduled for electroconvulsive therapy were enrolled. Clinical information, an electrocardiogram, and a baseline sample for cardiac troponin I and T (cTnI and cTnT) were obtained. Electroconvulsive therapy was done with standard techniques. Subsequently, electrocardiograms and additional samples were obtained. cTnT was measured with the Roche assay and cTnI with the Dade Stratus equipment. Values above the 99th percentile were considered abnormal. RESULTS: Seventy patients completed the study. Four patients had elevated levels of cTn before treatment. In 3 patients, the elevations persisted. Four additional patients developed elevated cTn levels during electroconvulsive therapy. Two of the patients with cTn elevations died. No other events occurred during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Elevations of cTn occurred in 11.5% of patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Some of the elevations preceded therapy and some occurred during treatment. Given the adverse prognostic importance of cTn elevations in general, in addition to additional studies, an increased degree of medical scrutiny may be appropriate for this group of patients and for those receiving electroconvulsive therapy

Synthesis and reactivity of rhodium(I) and iridium(I) complexes of the dianions of 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic and 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid

Rhodium and iridium complexes of the title ligands have been prepared containing cyclooctadiene, carbonyl, phosphine and phosphite ancillary ligands. The complexes are mononuclear or dinuclear depending on the method of preparation and the leaving group basicity. The geometries of the complexes derived from the 2,3- and 2,5-dianions show marked differences owing to differences in the steric interaction between the carboxyl groups. Clear structural assignments were made possible by the symmetry requirements revealed by the infrared and NMR spectra.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28667/1/0000484.pd