Rate of prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in primary gastric lymphoma patients referring to pathology centers of Yazd

Introduction: Lymphomas as a group rank seventh as the most leading cause of death in cancers. Stomach is the most common extra nodal site of primary lymphomas. On the other hand, new information demonstrates that MALT lymphoma responds to Helicobacter antibiotic therapy. We therefore decided to determine the frequency of distribution of Helicobacter Pylori infection in primary gastric lymphoma cases at the pathology centers of Yazd and determine the relationship of Helicobacter Pylori infection with sex, age and chief complaint of these patients. Methods: This was a case series and cross-sectional study and population included patients referring to pathology centers of Yazd for whom diagnosis of primary gastric lymphoma had been suggested. Required data was accumulated with assessment of pathology reports and hospital folders of patients. Also, tissue blocks of studied patients were evaluated for presence or absence of Helicobacter Pylori. After completing the questionnaire, data was analyzed statistically using SPSS 13 , ANOVA and Fisher's Exact tests. Results: 28 patients were included in this study. Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori infection in the study group was 43.5% and more in female patients and patients aged above 45 years. Helicobacter Pylori infection was more in patients who had dyspepsia as their chief complaint and those with ulcer on endoscopy. Also, the frequency was more in high grade lymphoma cases. Conclusion: In this study we didn’t achieve a statistically significant correlation between primary gastric lymphoma and Helicobacter Pylori infection. We suggest further studies with larger number of cases to determine the prevalence of various grades of lymphoma and their relationship with Helicobacter Pylori in other provinces with conditions similar to Yazd

High Speed Capacitor-Inverter Based Carbon Nanotube Full Adder

Abstract Carbon Nanotube filed-effect transistor (CNFET) is one of the promising alternatives to the MOS transistors. The geometry-dependent threshold voltage is one of the CNFET characteristics, which is used in the proposed Full Adder cell. In this paper, we present a high speed Full Adder cell using CNFETs based on majority-not (Minority) function. Presented design uses eight transistors and eight capacitors. Simulation results show significant improvement in terms of delay and power-delay product in comparison to contemporary CNFET Adder Cells. Simulations were carried out using HSPICE based on CNFET model with 0.6 V VDD.</p

Evaluation of Different Mi Situation Such As Emotional Stress, Physical Activity, Rest, … at Time of Mi Presentation

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that various factors such as emotional stress can trigger of MI in susceptible persons. More studies are needed to evaluate the characteristics of patients regarding to emotional stress, heavy work, routine activity, infection or rest before occurrence of MI. Methods: We studied 608 consecutive hospitalized in CCUs from May 2000 to October 2001. For patients, questionnaires including demographic, clinical and paraclinical characteristics were completed and data analyzed. Results: In this study rest (33.4%) and ordinary activity (32.4%) were more prevalent among the MI situations and infection had the lowest prevalence (0.7%). In patients higher than 45 years we had similar results, but in age group younger than 45 year ordinary activity (30.6%) and after heavy work (20.8%) had the highest prevalence before occurring of MI. In Diabetic patients, MI developed in sleep situation more frequently.(17.8%),(P=0.03) 52.5% of MI mortality occurred in rest situation.(P=0.009) Conclusion: Rest had the highest prevalence of MI compared to other situations but in age group younger than 45 years MI after heavy work had the highest prevalence. Autonomic neuropathy may be one of the reason of higher prevalence of MI in sleep situation

Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by QRS Morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT)

Background— This study aimed to determine whether QRS morphology identifies patients who benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-D) and whether it influences the risk of primary and secondary end points in patients enrolled in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) trial. Methods and Results— Baseline 12-lead ECGs were evaluated with regard to QRS morphology. Heart failure event or death was the primary end point of the trial. Death, heart failure event, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation were secondary end points. Among 1817 patients with available sinus rhythm ECGs at baseline, there were 1281 (70%) with left bundle-branch block (LBBB), 228 (13%) with right bundle-branch block, and 308 (17%) with nonspecific intraventricular conduction disturbances. The latter 2 groups were defined as non-LBBB groups. Hazard ratios for the primary end point for comparisons of CRT-D patients versus patients who only received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) were significantly ( P <0.001) lower in LBBB patients (0.47; P <0.001) than in non-LBBB patients (1.24; P =0.257). The risk of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or death was decreased significantly in CRT-D patients with LBBB but not in non-LBBB patients. Echocardiographic parameters showed significantly ( P <0.001) greater reduction in left ventricular volumes and increase in ejection fraction with CRT-D in LBBB than in non-LBBB patients. Conclusions— Heart failure patients with New York Heart Association class I or II and ejection fraction ≤30% and LBBB derive substantial clinical benefit from CRT-D: a reduction in heart failure progression and a reduction in the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. No clinical benefit was observed in patients with a non-LBBB QRS pattern (right bundle-branch block or intraventricular conduction disturbances). Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00180271

Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by QRS Morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT)

Background— This study aimed to determine whether QRS morphology identifies patients who benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-D) and whether it influences the risk of primary and secondary end points in patients enrolled in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) trial. Methods and Results— Baseline 12-lead ECGs were evaluated with regard to QRS morphology. Heart failure event or death was the primary end point of the trial. Death, heart failure event, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation were secondary end points. Among 1817 patients with available sinus rhythm ECGs at baseline, there were 1281 (70%) with left bundle-branch block (LBBB), 228 (13%) with right bundle-branch block, and 308 (17%) with nonspecific intraventricular conduction disturbances. The latter 2 groups were defined as non-LBBB groups. Hazard ratios for the primary end point for comparisons of CRT-D patients versus patients who only received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) were significantly ( P <0.001) lower in LBBB patients (0.47; P <0.001) than in non-LBBB patients (1.24; P =0.257). The risk of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or death was decreased significantly in CRT-D patients with LBBB but not in non-LBBB patients. Echocardiographic parameters showed significantly ( P <0.001) greater reduction in left ventricular volumes and increase in ejection fraction with CRT-D in LBBB than in non-LBBB patients. Conclusions— Heart failure patients with New York Heart Association class I or II and ejection fraction ≤30% and LBBB derive substantial clinical benefit from CRT-D: a reduction in heart failure progression and a reduction in the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. No clinical benefit was observed in patients with a non-LBBB QRS pattern (right bundle-branch block or intraventricular conduction disturbances). Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00180271

Ranolazine in High-Risk Patients With Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators: The RAID Trial

BACKGROUND: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) remain a challenging problem in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine whether ranolazine administration decreases the likelihood of VT, VF, or death in patients with an ICD. METHODS: This was double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which high-risk ICD patients with ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy were randomized to 1,000 mg ranolazine twice a day or placebo. The primary endpoint was VT or VF requiring appropriate ICD therapy or death, whichever occurred first. Pre-specified secondary endpoints included ICD shock for VT, VF, or death and recurrent VT or VF requiring ICD therapy. RESULTS: Among 1,012 ICD patients (510 randomized to ranolazine and 502 to placebo) the mean age was 64 ± 10 years and 18% were women. During 28 ± 16 months of follow-up there were 372 (37%) patients with primary endpoint, 270 (27%) patients with VT or VF, and 148 (15%) deaths. The blinded study drug was discontinued in 199 (39.6%) patients receiving placebo and in 253 (49.6%) patients receiving ranolazine (p = 0.001). The hazard ratio for ranolazine versus placebo was 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.67 to 1.05; p = 0.117) for VT, VF, or death. In a pre-specified secondary analysis, patients randomized to ranolazine had a marginally significant lower risk of ICD therapies for recurrent VT or VF (hazard ratio: 0.70; 95% confidence interval: 0.51 to 0.96; p = 0.028). There were no other significant treatment effects in other pre-specified secondary analyses, which included individual components of the primary endpoint, inappropriate shocks, cardiac hospitalizations, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk ICD patients, treatment with ranolazine did not significantly reduce the incidence of the first VT or VF, or death. However, the study was underpowered to detect a difference in the primary endpoint. In prespecified secondary endpoint analyses, ranolazine administration was associated with a significant reduction in recurrent VT or VF requiring ICD therapy without evidence for increased mortality. (Ranolazine Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Trial [RAID]; NCT01215253)