ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF N-HEPTACOSANYL OLEATE FROM THE WHOLE AERIAL PARTS OF CENTELLA ASIATICA LINN.

ABSTRACTVarious studies have already been performed involving the whole aerial parts of Centella asiatica (L.) (Umbelliferae), commonly known as gotu kola orjalbrahmi, and thus, the present investigation has been carried out for the phytochemical study of an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of C. asiatica.To perform this activity, the drug (1.5 kg) was exhaustively extracted in 95% ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The column chromatography wasperformed then for isolating the various phytoconstituents using the solvents of increasing polarity from petroleum ether to methanol. The isolatedcompounds were structurally elucidated using various spectral data analysis, i.e. infrared,1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),13C NMR, and positiveion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. One of the isolated compounds was characterized as n-heptacosanyl oleate.Keywords: Whole aerial parts, Centella asiatica, Soxhlet, Column, Heptacosanyl oleate

A Mendelian Randomization Analysis Investigates Causal Associations between Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Variable Risk Factors

The question of whether variable risk factors and various nutrients are causally related to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) has remained unanswered so far. Thus, this study investigated whether genetically predicted risk factors and nutrients play a function in the occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC), non-infective colitis (NIC), and Crohn’s disease (CD), using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Utilizing the data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with 37 exposure factors, we ran Mendelian randomization analyses based on up to 458,109 participants. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted to determine causal risk factors for IBD diseases. Genetic predisposition to smoking and appendectomy as well as vegetable and fruit intake, breastfeeding, n-3 PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, vitamin D, total cholesterol, whole-body fat mass, and physical activity were related to the risk of UC (p < 0.05). The effect of lifestyle behaviors on UC was attenuated after correcting for appendectomy. Genetically driven smoking, alcohol consumption, appendectomy, tonsillectomy, blood calcium, tea intake, autoimmune diseases, type 2 diabetes, cesarean delivery, vitamin D deficiency, and antibiotic exposure increased the risk of CD (p < 0.05), while vegetable and fruit intake, breastfeeding, physical activity, blood zinc, and n-3 PUFAs decreased the risk of CD (p < 0.05). Appendectomy, antibiotics, physical activity, blood zinc, n-3 PUFAs, and vegetable fruit intake remained significant predictors in multivariable MR (p < 0.05). Besides smoking, breastfeeding, alcoholic drinks, vegetable and fruit intake, vitamin D, appendectomy, and n-3 PUFAs were associated with NIC (p < 0.05). Smoking, alcoholic drinks, vegetable and fruit intake, vitamin D, appendectomy, and n-3 PUFAs remained significant predictors in multivariable MR (p < 0.05). Our results provide new and comprehensive evidence demonstrating that there are approving causal effects of various risk factors on IBDs. These findings also supply some suggestions for the treatment and prevention of these diseases

Therapeutic Management of Canine Ehrlichiosis: Lesson Learned from Bareilly, India

The study was conducted on 5 dogs presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Indian Veterinary Research Institute with history of anorexia, lethargy, weakness, high fever, vomiting, severe panting and heavy tick infestation. Physical examination of dogs revealed increased respiratory rate, pale mucus membrane and conjunctiva, dehydration and enlarged lymph nodes. Haematological finding showed marked anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Sonographic and radiographic investigation of the abdomen revealed splenomegaly and partial hepatomegaly. Parasitological examination found it positive for Ehrlichia canis and confirmed the ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Dog was treated with doxycycline @ 10 mg/kg for 28 days in divided dose with supportive therapy. Dog showed marked recovery after 2 dose of doxycycline and re-examination of blood after 20 days gave negative results in rapid test kit