Design and Performance Investigation of a Solar- Powered Biological Greywater Treatment System in the Iraqi Climate

     أدت الزيادة في عدد السكان إلى زيادة في استهلاك المياه. يبحث العمل الحالي في أداء نظام معالجة المياه الرمادية الذي يعمل بالطاقة الشمسية لإعادة التدوير لأغراض الري، ستخدم لتقليل كمية المياه الرمادية المهدرة وتقليل استهلاك الكهرباء وتقليل تكاليف إنشاء محطات معالجة المياه على نطاق واسع. يستهلك النظام حوالي 3814 واط في الساعة ويوفر معالجة للمياه حوالي 1.4 متر مكعب في اليوم. تم تصميم النظام المقترح لتطبيق المباني السكنية والمكتبية والحكومية. أجريت الاختبارات على أحد مباني وزارة العلوم والتكنولوجيا في بغداد. تم إجراء تحليلات اختبار عينات المياه المخبرية لقياس COD ، BOD5 ،TDS ، NH4 ، NO3-TN ، TOC ، TSS ، الأس الهيدروجيني ومحتوى الزيت والشحوم وفقًا للمعايير العراقية. أظهرت نتائج الاختبار انخفاضًا كبيرًا في قيم BOD5 و COD للقراءات كل 15 يومًا ولمدة 5 أشهر بمعدل إزالة أكثر من 90٪ وكذلك ملاحظة قيم TOC بإزالة حوالي 80٪ ، وهذا يشير إلى نتائج أثبتت الاختبارات المعملية نجاح عملية المعالجة. قسم البحث إلى قسمين، نظري وعملي. يتضمن الأسلوب النظري اختيار نوع وحجم المعدات والأدوات المطلوبة لنظام المعالجة. بينما يغطي الجانب العملي تنفيذ نظام مقياس مختبري لنظام المعالجة المقترح وإجراء التجارب والتحليلات المختبرية  لعينات المياه الرمادية..            The increase in population resulted in an increase in the consumption of water. The present work investigates the performance of a recycling solar- powered greywater treatment system for the purposes of irrigation, used to reduce the amount of waste grey water and reduce electricity consumption and reduce the costs of constructing large scale water treatment plants. The system consumes about 3814W per hour and provides water treatment about 1.4 m3 per day. The proposed system is designed to    residential, office and governmental buildings application. Tests are conducted in an office building at the Ministry of Science and Technology site in Baghdad. Laboratorial water samples testing analyses are conducted for measuring the COD, BOD5, TDS, NH4, NO3-TN, TOC, TSS, pH and oil and grease content according to the Iraqi standards. Test results revealed a huge decrease in the values of BOD5 and COD for readings for every15 days and for a period of 5 months by removing rate more than 90% and also noting the values of TOC by removing about 80%, this indicates that the results of Laboratory testing have proved the success of the treatment process.  The research is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical one includes choosing the type and size of the equipment and the required tools for the treatment system. While the practical one covers implementing a laboratory-scale system for the proposed treatment system and conducting experiments and laboratory analyses of greywater samples. Top of For

Find Out Related Results of Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery With Various Techniques of Anesthesia

Background: Laparoscopic procedures are often referred to as "minimally invasive." The term minimal pertains to surgical trauma, pain, and the length of hospitalization. Aim: To assess the gynecologic laparoscopic surgery outcomes through a comparison between general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia. Patients and methods: This paper presents a cross-sectional study that evaluates outcomes associated with gynecologic laparoscopic surgery using various anesthesia techniques. The study employs SPSS and Excel programs to analyse the clinical outcomes of gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. To establish the methodology, we gathered data from hospitals in different in Iraq between March 9th, 2021, and June 16th, 2022. Exclusion criteria were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 60 cases where general anaesthesia was used, and the second group involved 40 cases where regional anaesthesia was used, resulting in a total of 100 cases. The databases were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 60 cases where general anaesthesia was used, and the second group involved 40 cases where regional anaesthesia was used, resulting in a total of 100 cases. This study was assessed postoperative pain through 24 hours by VAS scale. Besides to that, this study was determined with secondary outcomes in terms of post-operative complications, length of stays in hospital, and PONV (%). Results and discussion: Our study was discussed about effective of laparoscopy surgery with regional anesthesia in gynecological surgery, in contrast to general anesthesia.  Due to that, our study enrolled less pain in the regional anesthesia group, specifically during the first hours after surgery, which result to a quick process of recovery to the side of resumption of bowel motility, length of hospital stays, and post-operative complications. As a result, the rate of complications was higher in the general anaesthesia group with 12 (20%) than regional anaesthesia with 4 (10%)