Restless Legs Syndrome: From Diagnosis to Treatment

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) can be described by an urge to move limbs that typically coincides with an uncomfortable sensation. When at rest or inactivity, signs may start or develop worse; they usually go away when one moves or gets up for a walk. RLS can be both idiopathic or secondary to many kinds of health conditions, such as deficiency of iron, diabetes, obesity, hypothyroidism, and chronic renal failure. At the admission, secondary causes and iron tests, such as transferrin saturation and ferritin, must be evaluated. Assessments should be repeated when symptoms worsen, or when augmentation develops. Augmentation is a significant adverse effect of therapy by levodopa and dopamine agonists. More severe signs, early appearance of symptoms, and spreading of symptoms from the legs to other body parts are indicative of augmentation. Non-pharmacological treatments help some RLS patients control their symptoms. Iron-replacement therapy is a first-line treatment option for patients with indications of low body iron stores. The use of α2δ ligands as initial treatments instead of dopamine agonists has been recommended recently

Gastroenteritis of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and Cryptosporidium spp. in a Patient with Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Case Report

Yaygın değişken immünyetmezlik (YDİ), başta bakteriyel olmak üzere tekrarlayan fırsatçı infeksiyonlar ve hipogamaglobulinemi ile karakterize, erişkinde en sık görülen primer immünyetmezlik sendromudur. Bu yazıda, YDİ tanılı gastrointestinal sistem infeksiyonu yakınmalarıyla başvuran 50 yaşında erkek bir olgu sunulmaktadır. Dışkı örneğinin bakteriyolojik incelemesinde Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica üremesi olmuştur. Eş zamanlı parazitolojik incelemesinde de Cryptosporidium spp. ookistleri görülmüştür. YDİ tanılı olgularda infeksiyöz nedenli akut ve kronik ishal etkenleri hem tanı hem de ampirik tedavi seçiminde akılda tutulmalıdır.Common variable immunodeficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency syndrome in adults, characterized by recurrent opportunistic infections, particularly bacterial, and hypogammaglobulinemia. In this report, a 50-year-old male patient with common variable immunodeficiency was presented with complaints of gastrointestinal infection. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica was yielded in the bacteriological examination of the stool sample. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were also seen in concurrent parasitological examination. In patients with common variable immunodeficiency, infectious causes of acute and chronic diarrhea should be kept in mind both in diagnosis and choosing of empirical treatment