Computing pseudotriangulations via branched coverings

We describe an efficient algorithm to compute a pseudotriangulation of a finite planar family of pairwise disjoint convex bodies presented by its chirotope. The design of the algorithm relies on a deepening of the theory of visibility complexes and on the extension of that theory to the setting of branched coverings. The problem of computing a pseudotriangulation that contains a given set of bitangent line segments is also examined.Comment: 66 pages, 39 figure

A dense 0.1-solar-mass star in a 51-minute-orbital-period eclipsing binary

Of more than a thousand known cataclysmic variables (CVs), where a white dwarf is accreting from a hydrogen-rich star, only a dozen have orbital periods below 75 minutes1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. One way to achieve these short periods requires the donor star to have undergone substantial nuclear evolution before interacting with the white dwarf10,11,12,13,14, and it is expected that these objects will transition to helium accretion. These transitional CVs have been proposed as progenitors of helium CVs13,14,15,16,17,18. However, no known transitional CV is expected to reach an orbital period short enough to account for most of the helium CV population, leaving the role of this evolutionary pathway unclear. Here we report observations of ZTF J1813+4251, a 51-minute-orbital-period, fully eclipsing binary system consisting of a star with a temperature comparable to that of the Sun but a density 100 times greater owing to its helium-rich composition, accreting onto a white dwarf. Phase-resolved spectra, multi-band light curves and the broadband spectral energy distribution allow us to obtain precise and robust constraints on the masses, radii and temperatures of both components. Evolutionary modelling shows that ZTF J1813+4251 is destined to become a helium CV binary, reaching an orbital period under 20 minutes, rendering ZTF J1813+4251 a previously missing link between helium CV binaries and hydrogen-rich CVs

Psychology and aggression

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68264/2/10.1177_002200275900300301.pd

Molecular Dissection of Cytokinesis by RNA Interference in Drosophila Cultured Cells

We have used double-stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) to study Drosophila cytokinesis. We show that double-stranded RNAs for anillin, acGAP, pavarotti, rho1, pebble, spaghetti squash, syntaxin1A, and twinstar all disrupt cytokinesis in S2 tissue culture cells, causing gene-specific phenotypes. Our phenotypic analyses identify genes required for different aspects of cytokinesis, such as central spindle formation, actin accumulation at the cell equator, contractile ring assembly or disassembly, and membrane behavior. Moreover, the cytological phenotypes elicited by RNAi reveal simultaneous disruption of multiple aspects of cytokinesis. These phenotypes suggest interactions between central spindle microtubules, the actin-based contractile ring, and the plasma membrane, and lead us to propose that the central spindle and the contractile ring are interdependent structures. Finally, our results indicate that RNAi in S2 cells is a highly efficient method to detect cytokinetic genes, and predict that genome-wide studies using this method will permit identification of the majority of genes involved in Drosophila mitotic cytokinesis

Perda de amônia por volatilização em pastagem de capim-tanzânia adubada com uréia no verão Ammonia volatilization loss in tanzaniagrass pasture fertilized with urea in the summer

Parte do nitrogênio (N) do fertilizante aplicado à pastagem pode ser perdida do sistema e, em pastagens tropicais, a volatilização de amônia (NH3) é uma das principais vias de perda. Objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, estimar a perda de N-NH3 por volatilização em pastagem de Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia adubada com uréia durante o verão. Adotou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo e três repetições. Nas parcelas, encontravam-se as doses de N-uréia (40, 80 e 120 kg/ha de N-uréia) e, nas subparcelas, o período depois da adubação nitrogenada (1, 5 e 9 dias). A interação entre o nível de adubação e o período depois da aplicação de uréia foi significativa para as variáveis volatilização acumulada de N-NH3 e taxa diária de volatilização de N-NH3. A combinação de elevada umidade do solo, ausência de chuvas durante o primeiro dia depois da adubação e alta temperatura elevada determinaram elevadas perdas de amônia por volatilização. A perda acumulada de N-NH3 no período representou 48%, 41% e 42% do N aplicado nas adubações com 40, 80 e 120 kg/ha de N-uréia, respectivamente. A volatilização acumulada de N-NH3 (kg/ha) aumentou, enquanto a taxa diária de volatilização de N-NH3 diminuiu com o aumento do tempo depois da adubação.<br>Part of the fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to pasture may be lost from the system and, in tropical pastures, the volatilization of ammonia (NH3) is one of the major pathways of loss. The present study aimed to estimate the NH3-N volatilization loss in Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pasture fertilized with urea during the summer. A completely randomized design, following a repeated measure arrangement, with three replicates was used. The plots were represented by urea levels (40, 80 and 120 kg/ha urea-N) and the subplots by the time after fertilization (1, 5 and 9 days). The interaction between level of fertilization and time after urea application was significant for accumulated NH3-N volatilization loss and daily NH3-N volatilization loss rate. The combination of high soil water content, lack of rainfall in the day following fertilization and high temperature determined high ammonia volatilization losses. The accumulated NH3-N loss in the period represented 48%, 41% and 42% of the applied N in 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha urea-N fertilizations, respectively. The accumulated NH3-N loss (kg/ha) increased, while the daily NH3-N volatilization loss rate decreased with the increase in time after fertilization