270 research outputs found
De l'Etat entrepreneur Ă l'Etat protecteur - Articles 152 et 153 du PACTE
Commentaires des dispositions des articles 152 et 153 de la loi n°2019-486 du 22 mai 2019 relative à la croissance et la transformation des entreprises (PACTE
From Space to SPAC
Le droit des activitĂ©s spatiales tel quâarticulĂ© autour des principes Ă©noncĂ©s par les traitĂ©s historiques et de lois nationales qui se sont depuis lors multipliĂ©es est encore pour un temps, le droit international du marchĂ© des activitĂ©s spatiales au sens dâun encadrement du marchĂ© par le droit international (I). Mais il pourrait devenir si lâon nây porte pas une attention suffisante, le droit du marchĂ© international des activitĂ©s spatiales, ce marchĂ© fixant ses propres rĂšgles et finissant par les imposer aux Etats, sous la
forme de contrats commerciaux conclus entre opĂ©rateurs, instituĂ©s en une source juridique autonome et hors du contrĂŽle de la communautĂ© internationale et sans doute, Ă terme, de la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation des usages de la blockchain dans lâespace extra-atmosphĂ©rique (II)
Les MOOCs, révolution ou désillusion?
AnnoncĂ©s avec fracas en 2012, les MOOCS â massive open online courses â devaient
porter en eux les germes dâune triple rĂ©volution, technologique, Ă©conomique
et pĂ©dagogique. Il sâagissait, grĂące au numĂ©rique, de dĂ©matĂ©rialiser la transmission
mĂȘme du savoir. Les MOOCs devaient aussi mettre un terme Ă la « malĂ©diction des
coĂ»ts croissants » qui avait jusquâici affectĂ© un secteur de lâenseignement supĂ©rieur
aux gains de productivitĂ© inexistants. DerriĂšre ces outils enfin, câĂ©tait une conception
renouvelĂ©e de lâapprentissage qui se profilait, au travers de la promotion dâune supposĂ©e
co-construction des savoirs par les Ă©tudiants eux-mĂȘmes.
Quâen est-il rĂ©ellement ? Pour certains, les MOOCS sont une innovation de rupture ;
pour dâautres, un moteur de la remise en question des modes dâĂ©ducation traditionnels.
Les MOOCs comportent dans tous les cas une part de mythe, que ce rapport
sâattache Ă dĂ©construire, tout en montrant que les MOOCs ont vocation Ă rĂ©pondre Ă
une demande sociale et Ă©ducative, sans concurrencer pour autant lâenseignement
présentiel.
Dans cette perspective, lâInstitut de lâentreprise, aprĂšs avoir tirĂ© le bilan des premiĂšres
expériences de MOOCs en cours, invite les pouvoirs publics européens et les
entreprises Ă se saisir du sujet de la numĂ©risation de lâenseignement supĂ©rieur. Il
formule Ă cette fin quelques propositions qui ont lâintĂ©rĂȘt de prendre en compte les
premiers enseignements qui se dĂ©gagent de lâexpĂ©rience nord-amĂ©ricaine
De l'Etat entrepreneur Ă l'Etat protecteur - Articles 152 et 153 du PACTE
Commentaires des dispositions des articles 152 et 153 de la loi n°2019-486 du 22 mai 2019 relative à la croissance et la transformation des entreprises (PACTE
From Space to SPAC
Le droit des activitĂ©s spatiales tel quâarticulĂ© autour des principes Ă©noncĂ©s par les traitĂ©s historiques et de lois nationales qui se sont depuis lors multipliĂ©es est encore pour un temps, le droit international du marchĂ© des activitĂ©s spatiales au sens dâun encadrement du marchĂ© par le droit international (I). Mais il pourrait devenir si lâon nây porte pas une attention suffisante, le droit du marchĂ© international des activitĂ©s spatiales, ce marchĂ© fixant ses propres rĂšgles et finissant par les imposer aux Etats, sous la
forme de contrats commerciaux conclus entre opĂ©rateurs, instituĂ©s en une source juridique autonome et hors du contrĂŽle de la communautĂ© internationale et sans doute, Ă terme, de la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation des usages de la blockchain dans lâespace extra-atmosphĂ©rique (II)
Small Satellite Constellations, Infrastructure Shift and Space Market Regulation
With the commissioning of the first constellations of hundreds or even thousands of small satellites, we are witnessing today an infrastructure shift. While it has not completely distanced the exploration and use of outer space from the dramatic geopolitical and military implications they once entailed for States, it is undoubtedly transforming this realm into a new economic frontier of competition, with its predominant players, this time being private profit-driven actors sensitive to market forces. As the exploitation of outer space becomes more economically viable, new commercial services should emerge through the deployment of SmallSat constellations and the provision of services by means thereof, creating a risk of increased dependency of the services consumed on earth on these newinfrastructures.
Therefore, new legal challenges pertaining to competition, foreign investment and the global economy as a whole do arise
Small Satellite Constellations, Infrastructure Shift and Space Market Regulation
With the commissioning of the first constellations of hundreds or even thousands of small satellites, we are witnessing today an infrastructure shift. While it has not completely distanced the exploration and use of outer space from the dramatic geopolitical and military implications they once entailed for States, it is undoubtedly transforming this realm into a new economic frontier of competition, with its predominant players, this time being private profit-driven actors sensitive to market forces. As the exploitation of outer space becomes more economically viable, new commercial services should emerge through the deployment of SmallSat constellations and the provision of services by means thereof, creating a risk of increased dependency of the services consumed on earth on these newinfrastructures.
Therefore, new legal challenges pertaining to competition, foreign investment and the global economy as a whole do arise
Reinventing treaty compliant ââsafety zonesââ in the context of space sustainability
This paper questions the concept of safety zones, tracing it to maritime and military law, in order to unpack its potential legal uses, applications and implications in the current context of the New Space economy. To achieve this, it starts by investigating the historical foundations of safety zones rooted in the Cold-War-era legal literature and then move on to a larger discussion of how such zones can be balanced with the non-appropriation principle. Then, this paper examines a number of legal analogies, as they appear in maritime law, aviation law as well as relevant examples in outer-space law. Lastly, it attempts to sketch the outline of a âsolution âthat identifies the criteria, to be used in order to model a potential safety zone that strikes a balance between the industryâs growing concerns and requirements on one hand, and the legal prohibitions that preclude sovereign claims on outer space on the other hand. Particular attention is given to the special case of the United Statesâ extraterritorial jurisdiction in outer space
Reinventing treaty compliant ââsafety zonesââ in the context of space sustainability
This paper questions the concept of safety zones, tracing it to maritime and military law, in order to unpack its potential legal uses, applications and implications in the current context of the New Space economy. To achieve this, it starts by investigating the historical foundations of safety zones rooted in the Cold-War-era legal literature and then move on to a larger discussion of how such zones can be balanced with the non-appropriation principle. Then, this paper examines a number of legal analogies, as they appear in maritime law, aviation law as well as relevant examples in outer-space law. Lastly, it attempts to sketch the outline of a âsolution âthat identifies the criteria, to be used in order to model a potential safety zone that strikes a balance between the industryâs growing concerns and requirements on one hand, and the legal prohibitions that preclude sovereign claims on outer space on the other hand. Particular attention is given to the special case of the United Statesâ extraterritorial jurisdiction in outer space
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