Modernidad, Diseño Urbano y Utopía: Notas sobre el fundamento político de las acciones de Remodelación Urbana en Santiago. El caso de CORMU 1966-1973. Primera parte / Modernity, Urban Design and Utopia: Notes on the political basis of the shares of Urban Renewal in Santiago. CORMU 1966-1973. (Part One)

Se intenta responder sobre lo que se instala en Chile, con la Corporación de Mejoramiento Urbano CORMU, en el período 1965 –1976, y sobre las formalizaciones conceptuales y prácticas técnicas que se desarrollan, constituidas bajo el designio de “mejoramiento urbano”, al interior del aparato político-administrativo del Estado chileno? Los autores suponen que, en virtud de una coyuntura histórica, emerge en el marco de la cultura urbanística y prácticas técnicas del Estado, una nueva modalidad de trato con el desarrollo urbano. Se incorporan con primacía, por sobre los planes urbanísticos, los proyectos de arquitectura urbana y con ello se reinstala como principio el concepto de proyecto urbano. En este contexto emerge una cultura profesional que había tenido hasta entonces escaso protagonismo en las prácticas institucionales del dominio público nacional: el "Diseño Urbano"./This is a response to the Corporación de Mejoramiento Urbano CORMU and what this corporation accomplished from 1965 to 1976, and the conceptual formalizations and the technical practices that are developed as "urban upgrade" within the political and administrative spheres of the State of Chile. The authors conclude that because of the historical moment, within the urban cultural ambit and the technical practices of the State a new way of dealing with urban development is developed. Urban Architectural Projects become more important than Urban Plans thus the concept of Urban Projects becomes a principle. This is when Urban Design becomes important as a profession within public institutions in Chile

El ocaso del espacio ciudadano: El Barrio Cívico de Santiago

El espíritu modernizador no se lleva bien con el sentimiento nostálgico y por ello procura anularlo. Pero cuando lo hace a costa de la memoria se empobrece el conjunto de lo social. Se lo priva de la experiencia social y de la conciencia histórica. Lo que se obtiene es una sociedad sin nostalgia, pero también sin historicidad. La vida social queda así competentemente sumergida en la inmediatez de un presente sin otro relieve que una cotidianeidad, en la que los acontecimientos se tornan clandestinos. La posibilidad del cambio queda así encubierta, tras los mantos de intrascendencia desplegados por los medios de comunicación que se disponen al servicio del consumo

Sobre políticas de vivienda. Fragmentos mnémicos

Lo que haremos aquí, no es más que bosquejar un contexto. La atmósfera surgirá monodiscursivamente, pero puede servir de base para constituirse como un ámbito de reverberación. Ulteriormente podría situarse en éste algunas consideraciones formales específicas sobre lineamientos de políticas sociales, en este caso, materias sobre vivienda social

Partirás de los intereses y motivos con la intención de cambiarlos

Delimitaciones: Estas notas, escritas en primera persona, son fruto de un ejercicio rememorativo y de reflexividad,sobre mis vivencias como docente en escuelas de arquitectura, en el espacio universitario nacional. Hay problemasinvisibilizados por el discurso formal de la educación. A su análisis centrado en las regularidades suele escapárselemucho del sentido aportado por lo peculiar e imprevisto. Lo percibo en el plano de los usos y prácticas cotidianas demi docencia como profesor de asignatura

ARTEOFICIO DE LA ARQUITECTURA Y APRENDIZAJE DE LA HISTORICIDAD

Se presentan reflexiones sobre la reformulación de un curso de Historia Urbana, en el contexto del currículo de las Escuelas de Arquitectura, en nuestro país. La reformulación responde a demandas de reconversión de los estudios académicos, conforme al denominado CBC Currículo en Base a Competencias. La consideración de la historicidad en la ciudad como aspecto del proyecto arquitectónico, requiere competencias para leer inscripciones históricas en la morfología urbana. La comprensión de la historiografía y sus principales orientaciones es otra competencia necesaria para seleccionar información apropiada en el universo bibliográfico

En las Costas del Neoliberalismo. Naturaleza, Urbanización y Producción inmobiliaria

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Electrokinetic characterization of extracellular vesicles with capillary electrophoresis : A new tool for their identification and quantification

This work reports on the development of the first capillary electrophoresis methodology for the elucidation of extracellular vesicles' (EVs) electrokinetic distributions. The approach is based on capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescent (LIF) detection for the identification and quantification of EVs after their isolation. Sensitive detection of these nanometric entities was possible thanks to an 'inorganic-species-free' background electrolyte. This electrolyte was made up of weakly charged molecules at very high concentrations to stabilize EVs, and an intra-membrane labelling approach was used to prevent EV morphology modification. The limit of detection for EVs achieved using the developed CE-LIF method reached 8 x 10(9) EV/mL, whereas the calibration curve was acquired from 1.22 x 10(10) to 1.20 x 10(11) EV/mL. The CE-LIF approach was applied to provide the electrokinetic distributions of various EVs of animal and human origins, and visualize different EV subpopulations from our recently developed high-yield EV isolation method. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Gene signatures of early response to anti-TNF drugs in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

T. Around a 20–30% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are diagnosed before they are 18 years old. Anti-TNF drugs can induce and maintain remission in IBD, however, up to 30% of patients do not respond. The aim of the work was to identify markers that would predict an early response to anti-TNF drugs in pediatric patients with IBD. The study population included 43 patients aged <18 years with IBD who started treatment with infliximab or adalimumab. Patients were classified into primary responders (n = 27) and non-responders to anti-TNF therapy (n = 6). Response to treatment could not be analyzed in 10 patients. Response was defined as a decrease in over 15 points in the disease activity indexes from week 0 to week 10 of infliximab treatment or from week 0 to week 26 of adalimumab treatment. The expression profiles of nine genes in total RNA isolated from the whole-blood of pediatric IBD patients taken before biologic administration and after 2 weeks were analyzed using qPCR and the 2−∆∆Ct method. Before initiation and after 2 weeks of treatment the expression of SMAD7 was decreased in patients who were considered as non-responders (p value < 0.05). Changes in expression were also observed for TLR2 at T0 and T2, although that did not reach the level of statistical significance. In addition, the expression of DEFA5 decreased 1.75-fold during the first 2 weeks of anti-TNF treatment in responders, whereas no changes were observed in non-responders. Expression of the SMAD7 gene is a pharmacogenomic biomarker of early response to anti-TNF agents in pediatric IBD. TLR2 and DEFA5 need to be validated in larger studies.This work was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grants numbers PI16/00559 and PI19/00792), Consejería de Educación y Deporte de la Comunidad de Madrid (grant number PEJ16/MED/AI-1260), and by the Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (grant number PRE-2018-2), The study was cofunded by ERDF Funds (FEDER) from the European Commission, “A way of making Europe

Novel functionalised imidazo-benzocrown ethers bearing a thiophene spacer as fluorimetric chemosensors for metal ion detection

Novel phenylalanine derivatives bearing benzimidazole and crown ethers as coordinating/reporting units and thiophene as a spacer unit were synthesized for the first time, and their evaluation as fluorimetric chemosensors was carried out in acetonitrile and acetonitrile/water solutions. 15-Crown-5 benzimidazolyl phenylalanine methyl ester, 15-crown-5 thienylbenzimidazolyl phenylalanine methyl ester and 18-crown-6 thienylbenzimidazolyl phenylalanine methyl ester were tested for alkaline, alkaline-earth and transition metal ions (such as Na+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pd2+ and Zn2+). The different crown ether binding moieties as well as the electronic nature and the length of the π-bridge linked to the benzimidazole heterocycle allowed the fine tuning of the sensory properties as seen by spectrofluorimetric titrations. Therefore, 15-crown-5 benzimidazolyl phenylalanine methyl ester is a fluorimetric chemosensor, being selective and sensitive for Cu2+ and Pd2+ in aqueous solutions (ACN/H2O; 80:20). On the other hand, the metal cation sensing properties displayed by 15-crown-5 thienylbenzimidazolyl phenylalanine methyl ester bearing an arylthienyl spacer showed that this is a promising candidate as fluorimetric chemosensor for Fe3+, Pb2+ and Pd2+ in acetonitrile solution.Thanks are due to Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal) for financial support to the Portuguese NMR network (PTNMR, Bruker Avance III 400-Univ. Minho), FCT and FEDER (European Fund for Regional Development)-COMPETEQREN-EU for financial support to the research centre CQ/UM [PEst-C/QUI/UI0686/2013 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-037302], a PhD grant to C.I.C. Esteves (SFRH/BD/68360/2010) and a post-doctoral grant to R.M.F. Batista (SFRH/BPD/79333/2011).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio