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Not AvailableIrrigation water is scarce and expensive resource constraining crop production in arid and semi-arid region of India. Most producers’ aims to maximize yield per unit of water applied but it requires a better understanding of crop response to various levels of water stress. A field experiment was conducted during2009–2011 to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation through drip irrigation; phosphorus solubilizing bacterial (PSB) inoculation and chloromequat chloride (cycocel) spray on seed cotton yield and water productivity (WP) of cotton. Experimental treatments comprised of three drip irrigation levels designated as 1.0 ETc (full irrigation as control), 0.8 ETc and 0.6 ETc (regular deficit irrigation) which receive 80%and 60% of the 1.0 ETc irrigation, were kept in main plots. The factorial combination of PSB inoculation and cycocel spray were included as good management practices (GMP) in sub-plots. A furrow irrigation treatment was also kept as absolute control. The result reveals that drip irrigation in cotton at 1.0 ETc significantly increased mean seed cotton yield by 33.5% and saved 30% irrigation water as compared to furrow irrigation which recorded 1859 kg ha−1seed cotton yield with 582 mm irrigation water. Deficit irrigation at 0.8 ETc caused 17% water savings with only 6.4% reduction in yield as compared to 1.0ETc. PSB inoculation and/or cycocel spray significantly increased number of bolls plant−1, boll weight and seed cotton weight plant−1over control. The interaction effect of deficit irrigation and GMP was significant on seed cotton yield and water productivity. Therefore, deficit irrigation at 0.8Etc along with PSB inoculation and cycocel spray should be considered as useful tool for water saving and higher yield in arid and semi-arid regions where irrigation water supplies are limitedNot Availabl

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Not AvailableArid fringes have a comparative advantage of higher rainfall than the core desert leading to diverse micro-farming situations. Hence tailoring the technologies to local situations is required for their fast dissemination. Thirty eight farmers’ participatory trials were conducted in four representative villages of Pali district, Rajasthan. Crop wise constraints were identified of which the most conspicuous were the lack of short duration varieties and improper nutrient application. In mung bean, the response of fertilizers was 5-16%. But the combined effect of varieties and fertilizers was 16-148%.Clusterbean variety RGC 936 yielded 79% higher over local and 25% over RGC 1003. Dual purpose sorghum (CSV 15) + fertilizers increased dry fodder yield by 1.75-2.75 times over farmers’ practice and in grain purpose sorghum (CSV 17) yield improved by 140%. Sesame variety RT 127 increased the yields between 62-68%. Amongst the salinity tolerant mustard varieties GM 3 and CS 54, the former produced 22.4% higher grain yield over the latter variety and 33% over established variety Bio 902. Farmers’ preferred wheat variety Raj 4037 for its chapatti making quality gave additional yields of 20-30%. Improvement in yields was ultimately reflected in improved water productivity. The water productivity in different kharif crops varied between 0.085-0.417 kg grain m-3 due to improved practices. In the irrigated rabi crops i.e. wheat and mustard, the water productivity ranged between 0.80-0.60 and 0.228-0.279 kg grain m-3, respectively. The impact of technologies was clearly visible even after two years of their withdrawal.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted for 3 years to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation under different soil management practices on biomass production, grain yield, yield components and water productivity of spring wheat (Triticum estivum L.). Soil management practices consisted of tillage (conventional and deep tillage) and Farmyard manure (0 and 10 t ha-1 FYM). Line source sprinkler laterals were used to generate one full- (ETm) and four deficit irrigation treatments that were 88, 75, 62 and 46 % of ETm, and designated as ETd1, ETd2, ETd3, and ETd4. Deep tillage significantly enhanced grain yield (14–18 %) and water productivity (1.27–1.34 kg m-3) over conventional tillage. Similarly, application of FYM at 10 t ha-1 significantly improved grain yield (10–13 %) and water productivity (1.25–1.31 kg m-3) in comparison with no FYM. Grain yield response to irrigation varied significantly (5,281–2,704 kg ha-1) due to differences in soil water contents. Water productivity varied from 1.05 to 1.34 kg m-3, among the treatments in 3 years. The interactive effect of irrigation 9 tillage practices and irrigation 9 FYM on grain yield was significant. Yield performance proved that deficit irrigation (ETd2) subjected to 75 % soil water deficit had the smallest yield decline with significant water saving would be the most appropriate irrigation level for wheat production in arid regions.Not Availabl

Synthesis and reactions of binuclear diolefin rhodium(I) compounds bridged by nitrogen heterocycles. Crystal structure of dichloro-di-1,5-cyclooctadiene(μ-pyrazine)-dirhodium(I) {Rh(1,5-C8H12)Cl}2(μ-C4H4N2)

Binuclear complexes of rhodium(I) of the type [(dien)(X)Rh(μ-N-N)Rh(X)(dien)] (dien = 1,5-cyclooctadiene or norbornadiene; N-N = pyrazine, 4,4′-bipyridine or Phenazine and X = Cl or Br) with bridging heterocycles have been isolated and their reactions with carbon monoxide, 2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline investigated. The crystal structure of [(COD)(Cl)Rh(μ-pyrazine)Rh(Cl)(COD)] has been determined

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted for 3 years to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation under different soil management practices on biomass production, grain yield, yield components and water productivity of spring wheat (TriticumestivumL.). Soil management practices consisted of tillage (conventional and deep tillage) and Farmyard manure (0 and 10 t ha-1 FYM). Line source sprinkler laterals were used to generate one full- (ETm) and four deficit irrigation treatments that were 88, 75, 62 and 46 % of ETm, and designated as ETd1, ETd2, ETd3, and ETd4. Deep tillage significantly enhanced grain yield (14–18 %) and water productivity (1.27–1.34 kg m-3) over conventional tillage. Similarly, application of FYM at 10 t ha-1 significantly improved grain yield (10–13 %) and water productivity (1.25–1.31 kg m-3) in comparisonwith no FYM.Grain yield response to irrigation varied significantly (5,281–2,704 kg ha-1) due to differences in soil water contents. Water productivity varied from 1.05 to 1.34 kg m-3, among the treatments in 3 years. The interactive effect of irrigation 9 tillage practices and irrigation 9 FYM on grain yield was significant. Yield performance proved that deficit irrigation (ETd2) subjected to 75 % soil water deficit had the smallest yield decline with significant water saving would be the most appropriate irrigation level for wheat production in arid regions.Not Availabl

A novel F420-dependent anti-oxidant mechanism protects Mycobacterium tuberculosis against oxidative stress and bactericidal agents

10.1111/mmi.12127Molecular Microbiology874744-755MOMI

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Not AvailableIn arid regions of India, wheat is conventionally planted in narrow spaced rows irrigated through flooding mostly with poor quality water followed by fallowing. To utilize these fallows for rainy season cropping and improving water use efficiency, a field experiment was carried out for three consecutive years (2009–2012) in arid zone. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with two planting systems i.e. bed planting and conventional planting in main plots and five rainy season cropping systems in sub plots viz., sorghum intercropped with Sesbania (green manuring/brown manuring), green gram and cowpea in 2:2 ratio and sole sorghum replicated thrice. In the succeeding wheat crop, each plot was further sub divided into two for applying two levels of nitrogen i.e. 90 and 120 kg ha 1. The irrigation water for wheat was slightly saline (4.1 dS m 1). Bed planting significantly improved yield of inter-cropped pulses i.e. green gram and cowpea by 31.8% and 27.5% over conventional planting while, yield of sorghum decreased by 13.7%. During winter season, bed planting improved number of grains spike 1 and 1000 grain weight (43.3 g) that had compensated the decrease in spike density of wheat (19.2%). Bed planting saved 19–24% of irrigation and hence water productivity improved by 30%. Marked improvement in soil physical properties, dry root mass (81.5%) and nutrient status of soil i.e. soil organic carbon, available N and P was observed under this system. Salinity built up during winter season was below the threshold level for wheat and almost all the accumulated salts leached down during succeeding rainy season. Significant improvement in yield attributing characters of sorghum was observed under sorghum + green gram/cowpea intercropping system. Rainy season sorghum–legume inter cropping had marked residual effect on succeeding wheat crop with maximum 19.1% yield increase being under sorghum + Sesbania (green manuring) treatment. During third crop cycle, this treatment saved 25% fertilizer nitrogen to wheat and significantly increased soil organic carbon status. However, highest system productivity and net returns were recorded under sorghum + green gram–wheat system (8265 kg ha 1 wheat grain equivalent yield). This was at par with sorghum + cowpea–wheat system. From the present study, it may be concluded that the productivity and water use efficiency of traditional fallow–wheat system could be increased by utilizing wheat fallow for growing sorghum + green gram/ cowpea intercrops in 2:2 ratio under bed planting system.Not Availabl

Variations of subunit ε of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis F 1FO ATP synthase and a novel model for mechanism of action of the tuberculosis drug TMC207

10.1128/AAC.01039-12Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy571168-176AMAC