Land Rental Markets in India: Efficiency and Equity Considerations

Despite the fact that land rental is restricted to varying degrees in India, the participation in this market is widespread and it is observed to operate relatively efficiently in 12 villages studied in Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The estimated probit models predicted that the rental market transferred land to those with relatively smaller holdings, but greater ability to make productive use of land, more assets to invest, more adults available for labour and fewer off-farm opportunities. Also land is rented out predominantly to younger farmers and to farmers not involved in off-farm jobs. Renting in is predicted to be relatively higher in the villages which are remote and weakly integrated into mainstream infrastructure and institutions. Land rental markets make an important contribution towards land use redistribution in the villages where land rental is high and where land distribution without land rental is relatively more unequal. The study recommends that existing policies restricting land rental should be eased, and investment towards infrastructure development and off-farm employment generating projects expanded.land rental markets, economic efficiency, equity, India, Land Economics/Use,

Structural modification of phloic rays in Hevea brasiliensis with reference to tapping panel dryness and stimulation

Hevea brasiliensis, the prime source of natural rubber, when tapped intensively showed the symptoms of gradual cessation of latex flow from the tapping wound and this phenomenon is termed as tapping panel dryness (TPD), leading to a number of structural deformations in the bark tissues. The unproductive bark thus formed due to TPD is subjected to ethephon stimulation resume latex flow for a period. The study was initiated to trace the structural modifications occurred in phloic rays as an alternative route for translocation under necessity. The dimension of phloic rays also showed significant variation in TPD trees in comparison with both healthy stimulated trees. A decrease in length and an increase in width of phloic rays were evident in TPD affected trees over healthy trees. Average height of ray (µm) in the bark of healthy, TPD affected, unaffected zone above the TPD affected area and TPD panel under ethephon was 495, 259, 416 and 285 respectively. In healthy trees, 57 per cent of the rays fall in the stratified height class of 300-500 µm but in TPD trees, 78 per cent of the phloic rays is having a height less than 300 µm. The average width of the ray measured 56.81 and 74.25 µm respectively for healthy and TPD trees. In healthy trees 61 per cent of the ray falls under width strata of 40-60 µm and in TPD trees 68 per cent is in the 60-80 and 24 per cent in 80-100 µm width strata. For the production of latex from unproductive bark of TPD tree on stimulation, adequate nourishments is being mobilized to the site of action by strengthening radial transport system in the affected area

Reconstruction of an Image Based on 13/19 Triplet Half-Band Wavelet Filter Bank and Orthogonal Matching Pursuit

Compressive Sensing Scheme for image reconstruction presented in this paper is depending on a combination of Orthogonal Matching Search and a 13/19 triplet half band filter bank (THFB) which is resulting from 1/2-band polynomial. Here, the consideration is made for 13/19 triplet half band wavelet filter sets. The half-band polynomial is applied which is generalized and used to receive the required frequency response. The image reconstruction is done later based on this. The designed triplet wavelet filters give a sparse image which is used for the input image. Gaussian probability density function and the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) are presented for reconstructing the image. The results and observations demonstrate that the compressive sensing by using OMP and designed wavelet filters offers good result for performance as compared to the existing wavelet filters

Mooring forces in horizontal interlaced multilayered Floating pipe breakwater with three layers

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

An exponentially fitted finite difference scheme for a class of singularly perturbed delay differential equations with large delays

AbstractThis paper deals with singularly perturbed boundary value problem for a linear second order delay differential equation. It is known that the classical numerical methods are not satisfactory when applied to solve singularly perturbed problems in delay differential equations. In this paper we present an exponentially fitted finite difference scheme to overcome the drawbacks of the corresponding classical counter parts. The stability of the scheme is investigated. The proposed scheme is analyzed for convergence. Several linear singularly perturbed delay differential equations have been solved and the numerical results are presented to support the theory