Historical development of Visakhapatnam Regional Centre of CMFRI and its major contributions

The Visakhapatnam Regional Centre of CMFRI had its beginning in 1947 as a survey unit. This unit was housed in the premises of the Department of Fisheries, Government of Andhra Pradesh. The main function of the survey unit was to collect the fish landing dat

PHARMACEUTICAL STANDARDIZATION OF JATIPHALADYA VATI

Standardization is the process of developing and agreeing upon technical standards. A standard is a document that establishes uniform engineering or technical specifications, criteria, methods, processes or practices. Many drugs are described in Ayurvedic classical texts for the treatment of various disorders. Jatiphaladya Vati is one such Kharaliya Rasayana mentioned in Rasendra Saara Samgraha, indicated in Arshas (Haemorrhoids). Jatiphala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.), Lavanga (Syzygium aromaticum), Pippali (Piper longum), Saindhava lavana (Rock salt), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Roxb), Dhattura beeja (Datura metel Linn.), Hingula (Cinnabar) and Tankana (Borax) are the main ingredients. Shodhana (Purification), Churna nirmana (Preparation of powder), Bhavana (Soaking with liquid and triturating till drying) and Mardana (Trituration) are the important steps involved in preparation of Jatiphaladya Vati. Shodhana of Hingula, Tankana and Dhattura beeja was carried out by classical method to remove the impurities. Churna of all above ingredients were prepared by subjecting it to grinding in Khalwa yantra and filtering through cloth. All ingredients were mixed properly to make homogenous mixture; later on it was triturated with Nimbu swarasa to obtain 250 mg tablets (brick red in colour) in tablet compression machine. The present study has been planned to standardize the method of preparation of an important Herbo-mineral formulation i.e. Jatiphaladya Vati

Age, growth and population structure of the yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) exploited along the east coast of India

Lengths measurements of 6,758 yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), landed by hook and line operators off eastern Indian coast were taken (20–185 cm FL) from 2003 to 2009. Age and growth were estimated using length based methods. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated were L∝ = 197.42 cm, annual K= 0.30 and t0= -0.1157. Mortality estimates were M= 0.48 and Z= 0.71 and F= 0.23 with the exploitation ratio E= 0.32. Growth was rapid during the initial years when the annual growth increment was as high as 36.6 cm during the first year then which to as low as 3.3 cm in the tenth year. The fish attained a fork length of 56.2 cm at the end of one year. Size at maturity (87.5 cm) corresponded to an age of 1.7 years and the oldest individual in the sample was 9+ years (186 cm). The annual mean lengths varied from 80.6 cm to 115.3 cm with an average mean length of 101.9 cm. The fishery comprised of mostly adults with 64% comprising of fishes larger than size at first maturity

Feeding strategies and diet composition of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) caught along Andhra Pradesh, east coast of India

The food of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares caught by longlines off the east coast of India was studied in detail. Contents of 146 non-empty stomachs were analysed for the Index of relative importance (IRI) and prey specific abundance. T. albacares caught by the longline were found to be non-selective generalist feeders, foraging on micronektonic, pelagic or benthic organisms available in the epipelagic waters. Teleost fish, crabs, squids and shrimps were the major component of food items. Priacanthus hamrur was the most preyed upon fish with a high IRI (40.5%) followed by the swimming crab Charybdis smithii (23.9%), the squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (15.5%) and prawn Solenocera hextii (10.3%). Being a large pelagic predator, it formed an important link in the food chain of the ocean system and also formed a good collector of the less exploited micronekton organisms of the deep scattering layer (DSL)

STANDARDIZATION OF YOGAAMRUTO RASA BY USING MODERN ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

Rasa Shastra is a partially independent branch of Ayurvedic medicine, which deals with preparation of the drugs with metals and minerals to produce the drugs with higher efficacy in lower dose with good palatability. Yogaamruto Rasa (YMR) is one such Rasoushadhi mentioned in Rasa Kamdhenu indicated for all types of Kushta. Parada, Gandhaka, Tamra churna, Vatsanabha, Vacha, Trikatu, Musta and Vidanga are the main ingredients of YMR. Shodhana, Mardana, Murchchana, Pishti nirmana, Aagni paaka are the important steps involved in preparation of YMR. Till date no standards are available for the above drug. Need of the hour is to revalidate the safety and efficacy of the above said formulation. In the current study of YMR it was subjected to analysis through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Zeta potential (ZP). XRD of YMR reveals that major peaks are of Cu20 (Cuprite) and minor peaks of HgS (Meta Cinnabar), Cu2S (Cuprous Sulphide). SEM study found the smallest grain size ranging between115nm at 5Kx magnification to 82.11 nm at 7Kx magnification. EDX study reveals that YMR contains significant percentage of O-25.96%, Cu-22.82%, C-20.41%, Hg- 12.84 %, S- 9.8%. w/w. ZP mean value for YMR is 51.4 mV which indicates moderate colloidal stability.

A Comparative study of oxidant and Anti-oxidant parameters in Chronic Renal Failure, Haemodialysis (Pre &Post) and Controls

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is featured by a progressive decline of kidney function and is mainly caused by chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. CKD is a complex disease due to cardiovascular complications and high morbidity; however, there is no single treatment to improve kidney function in CKD patients. Since biological markers representing oxidative stress are significantly elevated in CKD patients, oxidative stress is receiving attention as a contributing factor to CKD pathology. Aim of our study is comparison of oxidant and anti oxidant parameters in chronic renal failure, Hemodialysis (pre and post) and control subjects. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on a patient group comprising of 50 patients diagnosed with CRF, 50 were pre hemodialysis, 50 were post hemodialysis (MHD). This patient group was compared to a healthy group including 100 controls. All the study participants were admitted in the department of Medicine [Nephrology department] at “Fathima Institute of Medical Sciences”, Kadapa. Andhra Pradesh. India. The obtained serum samples were used for biochemical analysis for estimating MDA, vitamin A and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). Conclusion: Our results reflects the primary mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation during hemodialysis which may cause of CVD development in hemodialysed patients

Is locking compression plate the best modality of treatment for distal femur fractures?

Background: This observational study was conducted in order to study the functional efficacy of locking compression plate in distal femur fractures as they are one of the most common type of fractures with bimodal age distribution affecting younger age group as a consequence of high energy trauma especially road traffic accidents and elderly population due to osteoporosis.Methods: 40 Patients who are skeletally matured with acute distal femur fractures were radiologically assessed type of fractures, amount of comminution, articular congruence and quality of bone. pretested proforma which include age, sex, occupation, mode of injury, type of fracture, time interval between injury and surgery, associated comorbid conditions and other associated injuries.Results: Off the 40 patients under study 21 showed excellent outcome according to neers rating system and only 5 had fair results, 3 patients had superficial wound infection and 5 developed knee stiffness.Conclusions: Locking compression plate produces better results and appears to be good method of management in distal femur fractures

Adaptive Fuzzy PI Current Control of Grid Interact PV Inverter

Now a day‟s, Photo Voltaic (PV) power generation rapidly increasing. This power generation highly depending on the temperature and irradiation. When this power interface with grid through the voltage source inverter with PI controller. Its gains should be updated due to the parametric changes for the better performance. In This Work Fuzzy Controller updates the gains of the proportional integral (PI)s Controller under variable parametric conditions. the gaines of the PI Controller are updated based on the error current and change in error current through the fuzzy controller. The error current in direct and quadrature frame are the Inputs to the PI controller. The PI Controller generates the reference voltage to the pulse width modulation technique. Here reference voltage is compared with the carrier signal to generate the pulses to the 3-Ph Inverter connected to the grid. This controller has given well dynamic response with less steady state error and also given The less THD of the grid current compared to the PI and Fuzzy controller.It Is implemented and verified in MATLAB Simulink