Delineation and Prioritisation of Groundwater Recharge Areas in the State of Tamil Nadu using Geographical Information System

Delineation and prioritisation of suitable areas for artificial groundwater recharging (AGR) in the state of Tamil Nadu was carried out in the present study. Soil properties namely, soil drainage and land capability class, and geology of the aquifer were identified as spatial parameters that influence the AGR. Weights of 25, 25, and 50% were given to the soil drainage, land capability class, and geology of the aquifer, respectively. Variability within a specific theme was considered by assigning appropriate score to the subtheme. The depth of water table, in addition to soil drainage and land capability class, and geology of the aquifer, was used to decide the priority area of the AGR. Prioritised areas were divided into different rainfall zones as priority first (PR1) and priority second (PR2), which was found to be 14.29% and 38.18% of total area of the state, respectively. Considering bi-modal nature of rainfall in Tamil Nadu, the estimated numbers of percolation pond and check dam were worked out as 6,118 and 15,730 for PR1 areas; while numbers of percolation pond and check dam were worked out as 16,468 and 42,350 for PR2 areas, respectively. The results of this study can help state departments to implement the AGR scheme

Assessment of Crop Water Demand in Orissa

The study aims to assess the season wise total water available through rainfall and the evaporative demand of crops and then to evaluate deficit/surplus water available for further use. The district- wise monthly evaporative demand of Orissa was calculated as per the globally accepted method of FAO 56 - Penman Monteith. The results revealed that the evaporative demand (ETo) is greater than water supply through rains. The annual water available through rain is 1492.8 mm against the evaporative demand of 1657.8 mm; hence there was deficit of only 9.94 %. In non-coastal districts of Orissa, excess rainfall (649.62 to 841.9mm) over the crop evaporative demand (580.5 to 647.2mm) is higher as compared to coastal districts. When season wise crop evaporative demand and availability of rainwater as supply is concerned, in most of the districts, the availability of water during kharif season (June to October) through rainwater is quite high than the crop evaporative demand. During rabi and summer season (November -March and April-May) it is deficit. Rice being a major crop of this state consumes more water, its substitution with oilseed and pulse crops which are less water requirement, is highly beneficial to increase overall income of the farmers and also save good amount of water

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Not AvailableGround water is the major source of water supply in urban India. Understanding and assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation uses is therefore imperative to maintain its quality in any fast growing city like Bhubaneswar in Eastern India. A framework was developed in Visual Basic 6.0 software to generate quantifiable estimation of water use for drinking as well as irrigation purpose using different water quality parameters. Different forms have been prepared for water quality assessment and showing standard values for water quality parameters. Twenty different water quality parameters for drinking and nineteen water quality parameters for irrigation purposes were analyzed using 55 water samples of the study region. The total weightage of water quality parameters were analyzed in this software module. Different forms were created for entering the water quality parameters for evaluation. Formats have also been prepared for depicting desirable limits of different water quality parameters for indented purposes. This software module can be used as a ready-made package for assessing characteristic of water quality parameters for drinking as well as irrigation purposes.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSustainable development and efficient management of groundwater resources require an effective information technology tool for the dissemination of information to different stakeholders. This will help to develop appropriate measures in improving the agricultural scenario of the state. The average groundwater development is only 26.14% (including domestic, agricultural and industrial uses) in Odisha as against 58% in India with wide inter-regional variability due to various socio-economic and hydro-geological constraints. There is a need for an information system tool for groundwater scenario in the state. A graphical user information system related to information on different aspects of groundwater development has been prepared. A district-wise information system has been prepared on different aspects such as groundwater availability, utilization, socio-economics, energy use pattern etc. using the available information from different sources. The specific variables included in the database are the groundwater recharge, natural losses, sector-wise utilization, groundwater development, aquifer properties such as draw-down, transmissivity etc. This information system will be useful for taking appropriate decisions for sustainable groundwater development for irrigation purposes in different parts of the state to increase the overall productivity.Not Availabl

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Groundwater development and energy use dynamics for irrigation in Odisha

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Not AvailableA great challenge for India is to feed 130 crores of people with the existing natural resources. Present cropping pattern plays significant role to cater the need of food demand. Agro-Climatic Region-VI comprising Punjab, Haryana falls under the most progressive agricultural region of the country for ushering the green revolution in Indian agriculture. Delineating crop coverage, planning for better productivity is the need based approach to handle the agricultural scenario. Geo spatial techniques are emerged as the advanced tools identify the location specific information for regional planning purposes. In this paper, paddy cultivated areas were delineated through integration of remote sensing and geographic information system. Three processes were followed for identifying the paddy areas. They are (1) to map the paddy area through satellite remote sensing analysis using Landsat ETM+ images (2) to identify the suitability of the area under paddy cover through GIS analysis and (3) to quantitatively compare the paddy cultivated area between the analysis result and reference data. It was observed that paddy area of 3.6 million ha were delineated under Agro climatic Region-VI, comprising Punjab, Haryana and two districts of Rajasthan (Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh). Out of total rice area, 2.6 and 1.05 million ha is covered in Punjab and Haryana respectively. The analyzed results were compared against the paddy areas from departmental records of respective states. There was good agreement between the estimated and observed data. Hence the developed methodology could be adopted and replicated to other regions.Not Availabl

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AICRP (WM) Annual Report 2013-14Assesment of water availability at regional level and to devise intervention for matching water supply with agricultural production system demand, management of rain and other natural sources of water, soil-water-plant atmospheric environment relationship, water management for different agricultural production systems including Horticultural and other high value cropsDirectorate of Water Management (ICAR), Bhubaneswar-751023, Odish

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AICRP (GWU) Annual Report 2013-2014Assessment of water availability at regional level and to devise intervention for matching water supply with agricultural production system demand, design and evaluation of gravity and pressurized irrigation system under varying agro-ecological systems, management of rain and other natural sources of water, basic studies on soil-water-plant atmospheric environment relationshipICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odish

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AICRP (GWU) Annual Report 2013-14Assessment of water availability at regional level and to devise intervention for matching water supply with agricultural production system demand, design and evaluation of gravity and pressurized irrigation system under varying agro-ecological systems, management of rain and other natural sources of watwer, basic studies on soil-water-plant atmospheric environment relationshipICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odish