Perbandingan Komposisi Jenis Fitoplankton Antara Laut Jawa Dan Banda

Pytoplankton in the waters has role as primary. Generally, the existence of phytoplankton in waters is supported by availability of light, nutrients, and other marine environment parameters. Java Sea is a sea that has shallow depth and Banda Sea has depth until more than 2000 meters. Many differences of characteristics, certainly organisms including phytoplankton, which are owned both the sea have different composition of phytoplankton, because of many factors influence it. The purpose of this research is study of comparison of phytoplankton spatial distribution horizontally between Java Sea and Banda Sea based on composition.Research was conducted in off shore of Java and Banda Sea. Data was collected with Research vessel of Baruna Jaya III was managed by BPPT (Balai Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi) on 31th August – 9th September 2012. Methods used descriptive explorative. Phytoplankton was collected by plankton net passively that has mashes was 5 μm, lenght 65 cm, and diameter of meshes was 30 cm. Water was filtered as much as 30 l. result of filtering then stored in the bottle (200 ml). Station was collected as many as 14 stations. This Research was found 3 class of Phytoplankton, there were Bacillariophyceae (15 genera), Dinophyceae (4 genera), and Cyanophyceae (1 genera). The average abundance of Java Sea was 139 x 103 cells/m3 (range 115-189 x 103 cells/m3). Banda Sea had abundance range between 89-209 cells/m3 with average 146 x 103 cells/m3. Genera that had the highest of abundance was Rhizosolenia. The diversity index (H') with range from 0,88 – 2,15 (very low – moderate). Uniformity index (e) values was with 0,67-0,88 (moderate-high), dominance index (D) was ranged from 0,12-0,51, just on station 17 that indicates dominating genus. Java and Banda Sea had identity community index (S) value was 76,47% (high category). Kruskal Wallis test (H) had values was 0,017 that lower than tabulated value of 6,63 at α = 0,01. It means accept H1 conclude that there is no significant difference of phytoplankton abundance between Java Sea and Banda Sea

Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Ikan Hiu dan Pari Secara Tradisional oleh Masyarakat Pesisir Papua Barat

Ikan hiu dan pari adalah komoditas perikanan penting di dunia dan memiliki peranan baik secara ekologi maupun ekonomis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis-jenis sumber daya hiu dan pari yang dimanfaatkan secara tradisonal oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan dan Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni Provinsi Papua Barat. Penelitian ini bersifat eksploratif dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan dan wawancara langsung di lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa jenis ikan hiu dan pari yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Bintuni dan Sorong Selatan adalah 16 jenis. Status dari masing-masing jenis berbeda, yaitu 3 jenis masuk dalam kategori Vurnarable (Sphyrna sp, Aetobatus ocellatus dan Rhinoptera javanica), satu spesies masuk kategori Endangered (Eusphyra blochii) serta 5 jenis masuk dalam kategori Critically Endangered. Pemanfaatan ikan hiu dan pari oleh masyarakat pesisir/nelayan di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan dan Kabupaten Bintuni berada dalam kategori pemanfaatan secara tradisional yaitu berupa produk olahan berupa daging ikan garam/asin dan dendeng. Sumber daya ikan hiu dan pari bukanlah target tangkapan masyarakat tetapi merupakan bycatch yang kemudian diolah secara tradisional. Kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pentingnya menjaga sebuah sumber daya yang memiliki status perlindungan akan menyebabkan penangkapan dilakukan secara terus menerus pada jenis-jenis yang berstatus vulnerable (terancam punah) atau spesies yang dilindungi. Hal ini dibuktikan bahwa nilai nilai korelasi antara tingkat pemanfaatan dengan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang sumber daya ikan hiu dan pari rendah yaitu korelasi (r) sebesar 0.56. Title: Traditional Utilization of Shark and Ray Resources by Coastal Community of West Papua Sharks and rays are essential fishery commodities in the world and have a role both ecologically and economically. This study aimed to determine the types of shark and ray resources used and the traditional pattern of utilization by the people in South Sorong Regency and Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua Province. This research method is an exploratory and qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data was collected in the form of primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through direct observation and interviews in the field. The findings show that there are 16 species of sharks and rays caught by the community in Bintuni Bay and South Sorong Regencies. Each species’ status is different and can be defined as three species in the vulnerable (Sphyrna sp, Aetobatus ocellatus and Rhinoptera javanica), one as Endangered species (Eusphyra blochii), and five species in the Critically Endangered species. The utilization of sharks and rays by coastal communities/fishers in South Sorong Regency and Bintuni Regency is still in the category of traditional use, namely in the form of processed products in the form of smoked fish meat, salt/salted fish, and beef jerky. The level of traditional utilization of shark and ray resources by the local community in South Sorong Regency and Bintuni Regency is relatively high due to the lack of knowledge of local communities about the status of these fishery resources, which have been used traditionally. Furthermore, this can also indicate that lack of public knowledge about the importance of maintaining a protected resource will then continue the effort to catch the vulnerable (endangered) or protected species. It is proven that the correlation value between the utilization rate and public knowledge about shark and ray resources is low, namely a correlation (r) of 0.56

Half a century of rising extinction risk of coral reef sharks and rays

Sharks and rays are vital coral reef species. This study shows that nearly two thirds (59%) of the 134 coral-reef associated species are threatened with extinction. The main cause of their decline is found to be overfishing, both targeted and unintentional, and extinction risk is greater for larger species found in nations with higher fishing pressure and weaker governance