Heat transfer in turbulent shear flow

The problems of heat transfer in turbulent shear flow along a smooth wall are discussed from the point of view of von Karman's well-known 1939 paper on the analogy between fluid friction and heat transfer. Methods for extending the analysis to higher Prandtl Numbers are suggested

Gene transfer to adult human lung tissue ex vivo

The potential of gene therapy for treatment of lung disease remains unrealised. Early model systems often resulted in promising efficiency of gene transfer, only to prove irreproducible in the clinic. While problems such as induction of host immune responses and duration of expression also need to be addressed, it is now widely believed that alternative, relevant models which more accurately reflect gene transfer efficiencies in human lungs are urgently required. We report here on a human lung slice culture system to assess gene transfer to adult lung epithelium. A lacZ-expressing adenovirus (AdCA35lacZ) was used as a reporter vector. A solution of AdCA35lacZ was instilled via bronchioles into resected lung tissue, a route analogous to clinical administration. Following a 1 h incubation, the tissue was inflated with a 0.4% agarose solution, instilled via the same bronchioles. Once solidified, 500 mm slices of the tissue were prepared and cultured for 4 days. b-Galactosidase staining revealed lacZ transgene expression in bronchiolar and alveolar cells of the lung slices throughout the 4 days in culture. This system, which can also be used to study other viral and liposome vectors, could prove to be a useful alternative model for assessing gene delivery to adult human lung epithelium

Observations of Propagating Stall in Axial-Flow Compressors

This report gives the results of experimental investigations of an axial-flow compressor in stall. Hot-wire anemometer measurements of the velocity fluctuations in stalled operation of an axial-flow compressor have demonstrated that stalling occurs for the most part in well-defined regions over the compressor annulus. These regions rotate without changing shape in the direction of the blade rotation with a speed proportional to, but of smaller magnitude than, the rotor speed. Two principle types of propagating stall were observed, one with the stalled region or regions extending over part of the blade height, the other with a single stalled region over the full blade height

Isohemagglutinins of Graft Origin after ABO-Unmatched Liver Transplantation

THE increasing success of liver transplantation in recent years has provided an experimental model to study and document the hepatic synthesis of many plasma proteins.12345 The normal hepatobiliary tract has not been regarded as a major source of antibody,6,7 aside from the enteric IgA secreted from plasma into the biliary tree.8 Liver transplantation affords the opportunity to study the production of antibody to red cells. Recipient ABO incompatibility to the donor (a mismatched transplant, e.g., a group A liver transplanted into a group B recipient), although not absolutely contraindicated in liver transplantation, is avoided when possible. However, ABO-unmatched transplants (defined. © 1984, Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved

Gene transfer to adult human lung tissue ex vivo

The potential of gene therapy for treatment of lung disease remains unrealised. Early model systems often resulted in promising efficiency of gene transfer, only to prove irreproducible in the clinic. While problems such as induction of host immune responses and duration of expression also need to be addressed, it is now widely believed that alternative, relevant models which more accurately reflect gene transfer efficiencies in human lungs are urgently required. We report here on a human lung slice culture system to assess gene transfer to adult lung epithelium. A lacZ-expressing adenovirus (AdCA35lacZ) was used as a reporter vector. A solution of AdCA35lacZ was instilled via bronchioles into resected lung tissue, a route analogous to clinical administration. Following a 1 h incubation, the tissue was inflated with a 0.4% agarose solution, instilled via the same bronchioles. Once solidified, 500 mm slices of the tissue were prepared and cultured for 4 days. b-Galactosidase staining revealed lacZ transgene expression in bronchiolar and alveolar cells of the lung slices throughout the 4 days in culture. This system, which can also be used to study other viral and liposome vectors, could prove to be a useful alternative model for assessing gene delivery to adult human lung epithelium

Gene transfer to adult human lung tissue ex vivo

The potential of gene therapy for treatment of lung disease remains unrealised. Early model systems often resulted in promising efficiency of gene transfer, only to prove irreproducible in the clinic. While problems such as induction of host immune responses and duration of expression also need to be addressed, it is now widely believed that alternative, relevant models which more accurately reflect gene transfer efficiencies in human lungs are urgently required. We report here on a human lung slice culture system to assess gene transfer to adult lung epithelium. A lacZ-expressing adenovirus (AdCA35lacZ) was used as a reporter vector. A solution of AdCA35lacZ was instilled via bronchioles into resected lung tissue, a route analogous to clinical administration. Following a 1 h incubation, the tissue was inflated with a 0.4% agarose solution, instilled via the same bronchioles. Once solidified, 500 mm slices of the tissue were prepared and cultured for 4 days. b-Galactosidase staining revealed lacZ transgene expression in bronchiolar and alveolar cells of the lung slices throughout the 4 days in culture. This system, which can also be used to study other viral and liposome vectors, could prove to be a useful alternative model for assessing gene delivery to adult human lung epithelium

Gene transfer to adult human lung tissue ex vivo

The potential of gene therapy for treatment of lung disease remains unrealised. Early model systems often resulted in promising efficiency of gene transfer, only to prove irreproducible in the clinic. While problems such as induction of host immune responses and duration of expression also need to be addressed, it is now widely believed that alternative, relevant models which more accurately reflect gene transfer efficiencies in human lungs are urgently required. We report here on a human lung slice culture system to assess gene transfer to adult lung epithelium. A lacZ-expressing adenovirus (AdCA35lacZ) was used as a reporter vector. A solution of AdCA35lacZ was instilled via bronchioles into resected lung tissue, a route analogous to clinical administration. Following a 1 h incubation, the tissue was inflated with a 0.4% agarose solution, instilled via the same bronchioles. Once solidified, 500 mm slices of the tissue were prepared and cultured for 4 days. b-Galactosidase staining revealed lacZ transgene expression in bronchiolar and alveolar cells of the lung slices throughout the 4 days in culture. This system, which can also be used to study other viral and liposome vectors, could prove to be a useful alternative model for assessing gene delivery to adult human lung epithelium