Removal, Pre-concentration And Determination Of Selected Pharmaceuticals From Environmental Water Samples

Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants that have been widely used in various applications, including human and veterinary medicine, as well as agricultural activities. The pharmaceutical analysis relies on accurate quantification of target pharmaceuticals from a complex matrix, yet this remains a difficult task due to their low concentrations. Therefore, this research demonstrated the use of different sample preparation methods for the determination of selected pharmaceuticals in water samples. A microextraction technique based on vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction with back extraction (VALLME-BE) was developed for the determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) namely, ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen. The procedure was carried out by adding 225 μL of butyl acetate into 10 mL spiked working standard for VALLME procedure, followed by the back-extraction into sodium hydroxide prior to high performance liquid chromatography-UV-Vis (HPLC-UV-Vis) analysis. Under optimum conditions, the proposed technique provided good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9809), repeatability (%RSD; 3.4 – 16.1), and excellent the limits of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values (ketoprofen (0.134 and 0.407 μg L-1), naproxen (0.015 and 0.047 μg L-1), diclofenac (0.03 and 0.091 μg L-1) and ibuprofen (0.05 and 0.152 μg L-1) were obtained. On the other hand, graphene oxide (GO), graphene oxide magnetite (GO@Fe3O4), and graphene oxide magnetite-deep eutectic solvent ferrofluid (GO@Fe3O4-DES FF) adsorbents were successfully synthesized and characterize

Oil Palm Biomass Sap-Rotten Rice as a Source to Remove Metal Ions and Generate Electricity as By-Products through Microbial Fuel Cell Technology

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a new and interesting technology that can be used to treat wastewater without using electricity. The current research focuses on electron generation, which is one of the technique’s major challenges. According to the latest literature, the study was planned to successfully remove the metals from artificial wastewater at high concentrations and generate electricity. On average, after 18 days of operation, it offered 610 mV with 1000 ῼ constant external resistance. The internal resistance was found to be 520 ῼ. The achieved power density was 3.164 mW/m2 at an external resistance of 1000 ῼ. The achieved removal efficiencies of Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ were 83.67%, 84.10%, 84.55%, and 95.99%, respectively. The operation lasted for 25 days. The cyclic voltameter studies show that there is a gradual oxidation rate of organic substances, while on day 25, the removal efficiency reached its maximum. The specific capacitance was found to be high between days 15 and 20, i.e., 0.0000540 F/g. It also indicated that biofilm was stable around day 18. Furthermore, the biological characterization also demonstrated that MFC operation was very smooth throughout the process, even at high concentrations (100 mg/L) of metal ions. Finally, there is the MFC method, as well as some new challenges and future recommendations

Recent technical and non-technical biorefinery development barriers and potential solutions for a sustainable environment: A mini review

Diverse biomass sources are used in advanced processes called biorefineries to create biofuels, high-value products and for industrial effluents treatment. Making a workable model for its legal execution, however, is a simple task. The issues relating to innovation and financial reasonability are the most pressing ones. The structures for gathering, storing, and harvesting feedstocks; the biorefinery conversion procedures ranging from pre-treatment, essential refining, secondary filtration, purification, item moulding, recovery and yet again utilisation of result streams. The general non-technical deployment drivers and obstacles in the fields of industrial effluent treatment such as environmental concerns, societal concerns, and legislation will be investigated. Although the complexity of treatment systems earned nearly equal high scores, high (production) costs are still seen as key deterrents to the deployment of biorefineries. Additionally deemed significant were the dearth of sustainability proof and the perception of food competitiveness. To meet the requirements of both present and future generations, it is also essential that we strike a balance between economic development and environmental protection

Synthesis of Gum Arabic Magnetic Nanoparticles for Adsorptive Removal of Ciprofloxacin: Equilibrium, Kinetic, Thermodynamics Studies, and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Given the increasing risks that antibiotic abuse poses to microecology and human health, it is imperative to develop incredibly powerful adsorbents. This study investigated the use of environmentally sustainable polymeric nanocomposite based on gum arabic (GA) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) synthesized via co-precipitation method to form gum arabic magnetitic nanoparticles (GA-MNPs) as an efficient adsorbent for ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal from aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties and morphology of the synthesized GA-MNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The experiment was designed by response surface methodology (RSM) and the Central Composite Design (CCD) was utilized to optimize the operating variables: contact time (0–120 min), pH (3–10), adsorbent dosage (0.10–0.40 g/L), and concentration of adsorbate (5–100 mg/L). Results showed that 96.30% was the maximum percentage of CIP removed. The adsorption effect of the CIP molecule on the surface of the GA-MNPs was investigated using regression analysis and analysis of variance. Furthermore, Freundlich Isotherm and Pseudo Second order kinetic equations have the highest consistency with experimental investigations suggesting double-layer adsorption. This implies that chemisorption was the mechanism involved. In addition, the calculated thermodynamic parameters were postulating an exothermic and spontaneous method in nature. Owing to its adsorption selectivity and recyclability, GA-MNPs could be classified as an environmentally friendly, less expensive, and highly efficient promising adsorbent for remediation of CIP from aqueous solution