Marine shrimp culture industry of Thailand: operating guidelines for shrimp farms.

The marine shrimp industry in Thailand had developed a code of conduct for its operations. This code of conduct is a set of principles and processes that provides a framework to meet the industry’s goal for environmental, social, and economic responsibility. The foundation of the code of conduct is the following mission statement. The marine shrimp farming industry in Thailand is committed to producing high quality, hygienic products in a sustainable manner that provides for environmental, social, and economic benefits for the present and future generations. Policy statements have been formulated to outline actions that the industry will undertake to meet its commitments under the mission statement. These policy statements cover a broad range of topics, including: environmental protection, public consultation, regulatory compliance, location, quality and safety, continual improvement, efficiency, research and development, social responsibility, monitoring and auditing, education and training, international trade. The code of conduct is voluntary, but it has been signed by a wide variety of industry stakeholders. The code commits the signatories to specific actions, including the development of a series of operating guidelines and procedural manuals. These actions will aid the industry in carrying out its operations in a manner consistent with the objectives of the code of conduct

A Comparative Negligence Checklist to Avoid Future Unnecessary Litigation

Systems of comparative negligence, whereby the negligence of a plaintiff serves to reduce rather than to preclude tort recovery in negligence, have been adopted in thirty-nine states. The common law rule that contributory negligence is an absolute bar to recovery is still the law in Kentucky, although modified by the doctrine of last clear chance. Kentucky may soon join the trend toward comparative negligence, however. In the last legislative session, bills to adopt comparative negligence were introduced in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. A hearing on this subject was held by the Interim Judiciary and Civil Procedure Committee in March, 1983, and it is likely that a comparative negligence bill will again be introduced in the 1984 session of the General Assembly. Although most states have adopted comparative negligence statutorily, a few have done so by court decision. Kentucky courts will soon have the opportunity to adopt comparative negligence. The Kentucky Supreme Court has recently granted discretionary review in a case in which the only issue preserved for appeal is the denial of the plaintiff\u27s request for a comparative negligence instruction to the jury. This Article will examine several of the more important issues that should be addressed when comparative negligence is adopted. The issues to be discussed are: (1) how to apportion liability among multiple tortfeasors; (2) whether to retain the doctrine of last clear chance; (3) whether to permit setoff; and (4) what limits to put on jury instructions. Reasonable alternatives for each Issue will be set out, with possible statutory language for the adoption of each alternative. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each alternative will then be discussed in light of the current state of Kentucky tort law, the underlying rationale for adopting comparative negligence, and the type of comparative negligence system-pure or modified-adopted

A Comparative Negligence Checklist to Avoid Future Unnecessary Litigation

Systems of comparative negligence, whereby the negligence of a plaintiff serves to reduce rather than to preclude tort recovery in negligence, have been adopted in thirty-nine states. The common law rule that contributory negligence is an absolute bar to recover is still the law in Kentucky, although modified by the doctrine of “last clear chance.” Kentucky may soon join the trend toward comparative negligence, however. In the last legislative session, bills to adopt comparative negligence were introduced in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. A hearing on this subject was held by the Interim Judiciary and Civil Procedure Committee in March, 1983, and it is likely that a comparative negligence bill will again be introduced in the 1984 session of the General Assembly. Although most states have adopted comparative negligence statutorily, a few have done so by court decision. Kentucky courts will soon have the opportunity to adopt comparative negligence. The Kentucky Supreme Court has recently granted discretionary review in a case in which the only issue preserved for appeal is the denial of the plaintiff’s request for a comparative negligence instruction to the jury. This Article will not attempt to assess the relative merits of contributory and comparative negligence. Presumably, those issues will be aired thoroughly before the legislature and the courts. However, many states which have decided either legislatively or judicially to adopt comparative negligence have failed to resolve in advance a number of accompanying issues. This failure has resulted in extensive litigation to “fill the gaps.” Such litigation can be avoided by anticipating issues likely to arise when the doctrine is adopted, and resolving the issues by careful statutory drafting or considered judicial opinion. This Article will examine several of the more important issues that should be addressed when comparative negligence is adopted. The issues to be discussed are: (1) how to apportion liability among multiple tortfeasors; (2) whether to retain the doctrine of last clear chance; (3) whether to permit setoff; and (4) what limits to put on jury instructions. Reasonable alternatives for each issue will be set out, with possible statutory language for the adoption of each alternative. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each alternative will then be discussed in light of the current state of Kentucky tort law, the underlying rationale for the adopting comparative negligence, and the type of comparative negligence system—pure or modified—adopted

Hoarding and Emotional Reactivity: The Link Between Negative Emotional Reactions and Hoarding Symptomatology

Hoarding disorder (HD) is characterized by difficulty discarding, clutter, and frequently excessive acquiring. Theories have pointed to intense negative emotional reactions (e.g., sadness) as one factor that may play a critical role in HD\u27s etiology. Preliminary work with an analogue sample indicated that more intense negative emotions following emotional films were linked with greater hoarding symptoms. Symptom provocation imaging studies with HD patients have also found evidence for excessive activation in brain regions implicated in processing emotions. The current study utilized a sample with self-reported serious hoarding difficulties to examine how hoarding symptoms related to both general and hoarding-related emotional reactivity, taking into account the specificity of these relationships. We also examined how two cognitive factors, fear of decision-making and confidence in memory, modified this relationship. 628 participants with self-identified hoarding difficulties completed questionnaires about general emotional reactivity, depression, anxiety, decision-making, and confidence in memory. To assess hoarding-related emotional reactivity, participants reported their emotional reactions when imagining discarding various items. Heightened general emotional reactivity and more intense emotional reactions to imagined discarding were associated with both difficulty discarding and acquisition, but not clutter, controlling for age, gender, and co-occurring mood and anxiety symptoms. Fear of decision-making and confidence in memory interacted with general emotional reactivity to predict hoarding symptoms. These findings provide support for cognitive-behavioral models of hoarding. Experimental research should be conducted to discover whether emotional reactivity increases vulnerability for HD. Future work should also examine whether emotional reactivity should be targeted in interventions for hoarding

Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy Chain Correlations to Visual Function, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Treatment

Objective. To correlate visual and neurologic clinical scores and treatment of optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with assays of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNF-H) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of axonal loss. Design/Methods. The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) randomized 457 patients with acute optic neuritis to intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) followed by oral prednisone, oral prednisone or placebo treatment arms. We quantified serum pNF-H levels in 175 ONTT patients 5 years after study entry. We performed OCT measurements of macular volume and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in a subset of 51 patients at year 15. Results. Elevated pNF-H levels at year 5 correlated to poorer visual function at study entry. Lower 15 year macular volumes and RNFL thickness correlated better with follow-up than with baseline visual function measures. With IVMP treatment, 15 year RNFL differences of the fellow eye (FE) minus the affected eye (SE) RNFLFEmSE correlated with five-year pNF-H levels. PNF-H was reduced by half with IVMP relative to placebo or by 40% relative to prednisone. Conclusions/Relevance. Acute optic neuritis patients who have more severe visual loss during initial presentation have a higher incidence of axonal loss that was slightly suppressed with IVMP treatment

Imaging and spectroscopy of arcs around the most luminous X-ray cluster RX J1347.5-1145

The cluster RX J1347.5-1145, the most luminous cluster in the X-ray wavelengths, was imaged with the newly installed Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on-board HST. Its relatively high redshift (0.451) and luminosity indicate that this is one of the most massive of all known clusters. The STIS images unambiguously show several arcs in the cluster. The largest two arcs (> 5 arcsec in length) are symmetrically situated on opposite sides of the cluster, at a distance of ~ 35 arcsec from the central galaxy. The STIS images also show approximately 100 faint galaxies within the radius of the arcs whose combined luminosity is ~ 4 x 10^11 Lsun. We also present ground-based spectroscopic observations of the northern arc which show one clear emission line at 6730 A, which is consistent with an identification as [OII] 3727 A, implying a redshift of 0.81 for this arc. The southern arc shows a faint continuum but no emission features. The surface mass within the radius of the arcs (240 kpc), as derived from the gravitational lensing, is 6.3 x 10^14 Msun. The resultant mass-to-light ratio of ~1200 is higher than what is seen in many clusters but smaller than the value recently derived for some `dark' X-ray clusters (Hattori et al. 1997). The total surface mass derived from the X-ray flux within the radius of the arcs is ~2.1 - 6.8 x 10^14 Msun, which implies that the ratio of the gravitational to the X-ray mass is ~1 to 3. The surface GAS mass within this radius is ~3.5 x 10^13 Msun, which implies that at least 6% of the total mass within this region is baryonic.Comment: 3 figures. Replaced with the final version as appears in the Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 10, 1998 issue). This incorporates some important revision

Bankruptcy Reform

Presentation materials from the Bankruptcy Reform Course held by UK/CLE in December 1994

Teleportation Systems Toward a Quantum Internet

Quantum teleportation is essential for many quantum information technologies, including long-distance quantum networks. Using fiber-coupled devices, including state-of-the-art low-noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and off-the-shelf optics, we achieve conditional quantum teleportation of time-bin qubits at the telecommunication wavelength of 1536.5 nm. We measure teleportation fidelities of ≥90% that are consistent with an analytical model of our system, which includes realistic imperfections. To demonstrate the compatibility of our setup with deployed quantum networks, we teleport qubits over 22 km of single-mode fiber while transmitting qubits over an additional 22 km of fiber. Our systems, which are compatible with emerging solid-state quantum devices, provide a realistic foundation for a high-fidelity quantum Internet with practical devices