Extending ATL for Native UML Profile Support: An Experience Report 49-62

International audienceWith the rise of Model-driven Engineering (MDE) the ap- plication field of model transformations broadens drastically. Current model transformation languages provide appropriate support for stan- dard MDE scenarios such as model-to-model transformations specified between metamodels. However, for other transformation scenarios often the escape to predefined APIs for handling specific model manipulations is required such as is the case for supporting UML profiles in transforma- tions. Thus, the need arises to extend current transformation languages for natively supporting such additional model manipulations. In this paper we report on extending ATL for natively supporting UML profiles in transformations. The extension is realized by providing an extended ATL syntax comprising keywords for handling UML profiles which is reduced by a preprocessor based on a Higher-Order Transfor- mation (HOT) again to the standard ATL syntax. In particular, we elab- orate on our methodology of extending ATL by presenting the extension process step-by-step as well as reporting on lessons learned. With this experience report we aim at providing design guidelines for extending ATL as well as stimulating the research of providing further extensions for ATL

Triangel-Institut (Hrsg.): Beratung im Wandel - Analysen, Praxis, Herausforderungen. Berlin (Leutner Verlag) 2009

Buchrezensio

Tasks and localization of subject-specific pedagogy in scientific literature. A systematic approach to term use

Der Beitrag skizziert die Entwicklung einer Systematik der Auffassungen von «Fachdidaktik» in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur. Im Ergebnis werden die Aufgaben der Fachdidaktik am häufigsten in der Forschung gesehen. Sie wird zu ähnlichen Teilen zwischen bildungswissenschaftlichen und fachwissenschaftlichen Bezugsdisziplinen verortet. Ausgehend von Perspektiven der Wissenschaftsforschung, der Professionsforschung und der Allgemeinen Fachdidaktik werden die der Fachdidaktik zugeschriebenen Aufgaben und Verortungen diskutiert. Implikationen für mögliche Voraussetzungen der potenziellen Kooperation zwischen Fachdidaktiken (und Bildungswissenschaften) werden aufgezeigt. (DIPF/Orig.)The article outlines the development of a systematics of the conceptions of subjectspecific pedagogy in scientific literature. As the analysis shows, the tasks of subject-specific pedagogy are most often seen in research. Subject-specific pedagogy is localized to similar parts between educational science and their corresponding subject-related disciplines. The tasks and localizations attributed to subject-specific pedagogy are discussed based on the perspectives of the theory of science, profession-related research, and general subject-specific pedagogy. Implications for possible preconditions of potential forms of cooperation between different branches of subject-specific pedagogy (and educational sciences) are pointed out

Protein Kinase A Regulates ATP Hydrolysis and Dimerization by a CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) Domain

Gating of the CFTRCl− channel is associated with ATP hydrolysis at the nucleotide-binding domains (NBD1, NBD2) and requires PKA (protein kinase A) phosphorylation of the R domain. The manner in which the NBD1, NBD2 and R domains of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) interact to achieve a properly regulated ion channel is largely unknown. In this study we used bacterially expressed recombinant proteins to examine interactions between these soluble domains of CFTR in vitro. PKA phosphorylated a fusion protein containing NBD1 and R (NBD1–R–GST) on CFTR residues Ser-660, Ser-700, Ser- 712, Ser-737, Ser-768, Ser-795 and Ser-813. Phosphorylation of these serine residues regulated ATP hydrolysis by NBD1–R–GST by increasing the apparent Km for ATP (from 70 to 250 μM) and the Hill coefficient (from 1 to 1.7) without changing the Vmax. When fusion proteins were photolabelled with 8-azido- [α-32P]ATP, PKA phosphorylation increased the apparent kd for nucleotide binding and it caused binding to become co-operative. PKA phosphorylation also resulted in dimerization of NBD1– R–GST but not of R–GST, a related fusion protein lacking the NBD1 domain. Finally, an MBP (maltose-binding protein) fusion protein containing the NBD2 domain (NBD2–MBP) associated with and regulated the ATPase activity of PKA-phosphorylated NBD1–R–GST. Thus when the R domain in NBD1–R–GST is phosphorylated by PKA,ATP binding and hydrolysis becomes cooperative and NBD dimerization occurs. These findings suggest that during the activation of native CFTR, phosphorylation of the R domain by PKA can control the ability of the NBD1 domain to hydrolyse ATP and to interact with other NBD domains

Leeches as Sensor-bioindicators of River Contamination by PCBs

The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of leeches of the genus Erpobdella as a means of assessing polychlorinated biphenyl contamination of watercourses. The River Skalice, heavily contaminated with PCBs, was selected as a model. The source of contamination was a road gravel processing factory in Rožmitál pod Třemšínem from which an estimated 1 metric ton of PCBs leaked in 1986. Levels of PCB were measured in leeches collected between 1992 to 2003 from 11 sites covering about 50 km of the river (the first sampling site upstream to the source of contamination and 10 sites downstream). The PCB indicator congeners IUPA no. 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180 were measured. Levels were highest at the four sampling sites nearest the source of pollution. The highest values of PCB congeners were found in 1992. PCB content decreased from 1992 to 2003 and with distance from the source. The study indicated that leeches of the genus Erpobdella are a suitable bioindicator of contamination in the surface layer of river sediments