Produce solid oxide fuel cell anodes as (BaTiO3)100−x−(MgO)x for clean energy

From the 20th century to the 21st century, many changes in climate conditions were occurred such as water disputes and high levels of industrial pollution. Besides, the generation of electricity depends on fossil fuels and oil. Therefore, this work attempted for a new challenge to transition away from fossil fuels, restrictions, and issues of both sustainable, renewable energy sources and move towards clean energy generation with fuel cells to alleviate air pollution problems which is an important environmental issue due to its effects on the quality of the atmosphere and public health of humans and other living organisms. So, the current experimental work made a new Cermet solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode by changing the molar concentration of magnesium oxide-doped barium titanate with the formula of (BaTiO3)100−x−(MgO)x. The evaluation of these anodes was achieved physically, morphologically by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), mechanically by measure microhardness indentation, electrically by LCR meter, and statically by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated the significant effect of MgO as dopant by its impact effect on grain size, Vickers hardness (HV), and potentially other properties. The statistical analysis helped to determine the significance of these findings and provides insights into the optimal anode composition for the desired characteristics

Corrosion Behavior of V2AlC and Cr2AlC Compared with SS 316L in NaOH at Four Temperatures

This work involves the manufacturing of MAX phase materials include V2AlC and Cr2AlC using powder metallurgy as a new class of materials which characterized by regular crystals in lattice. Corrosion behavior of these materials was investigated by Potentiostat to estimate corrosion resistance and compared with the most resistant material represented by SS 316L. The experiments were carried out in 0.01N of NaOH solution at four temperatures in the range of 30–60oC. Polarization resistance values which calculated by Stern-Geary equation indicated that the MAX phase materials more resistant than SS 316L. Also cyclic polarization tests confirmed the resistivity of MAX phase materials through disappears of hysteresis loop

Effect of nickel – Graphene addition on the 3D printed 17-4 PH stainless steel

In this work, 3D printing method was used to prepare 17-4 PH SS/additives samples, these additives represented by nickel (Ni), graphene (G) and nickel-graphene (Ni – G) with the volume ratios of 2.5 %, 5 % and 5 % respectively. The printed samples were characterized using XRD, SEM with EDS and optical microscope. These characterization methods showed the good incorporation between the base material (17-4 PH SS) and additive materials (Ni, G and Ni – G) through the new peaks appeared in XRD analysis, the homogenous distribution of particles in SEM images and elemental analysis in EDS for 3D printed samples.The measured properties indicated the variation in density with different additives to get lowest density for 17-4 PH SS/Ni – G coated sample (7.2516 g cm−3) confirming the good incorporation among the components of this sample after 3D printing process that can be candidate for bioapplication. Rockwell hardness also measured to give the lowest hardness for 17-4 PH SS/Ni – G coated sample that equal to 46.36 which is closed for the hardness of human bone that ranged from 33.30 HV for the head to 43.82 HV for the diaphysis. Some cracks that observed in optical microscopy of 17-4 PH SS/Ni – G coated sample can be share in osseointegration inside human body to get biocompatibility

Cerium-tricalcium phosphate coating for 316L stainless steel in simulated human fluid: Experimental, biological, theoretical, and electrochemical investigations

Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has many advantages in biomedical applications, especially in teeth and bones, and therefore many researchers focused on enhancing the properties of this material by different methods. Because of the importance of the cerium in repairing the performance of cells in the human body, this work aims to substitute the cerium in TCP structure to give better properties. Coating of Ce/TCP on SS 316L was applied by radio frequ­ency (RF) sputtering technique. This coating was characterized by XRD, FESEM/EDS with EDS mapping, AFM, and electrochemical analysis. These techniques confirm the pre­sence of Ce with TCP in the deposited layer and the SEM gave a more compact layer with higher rough­ness and lower average diameter. EDS mapping shows the presence of sug­gested metal ions in the coating. A theoretical study by DFM was done to illustrate the sub­stitution of Ce in the lattice structure and stable sites for accommodation. Electro­chemical studies showed that the presence of the coating layer improves corrosion resistance with 91 % protection efficiency

Experimental and theoretical assessments of the chamomile flower extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in artificial seawater

The anticorrosive qualities of a number of natural items have been researched because of the growing concern regarding the environmental contamination produced by conventional corrosion inhibitors. Through electrochemical measurements, the current study evaluated the effectiveness of chamomile flower extract (CFE) in preventing the corrosion of aluminum in an artificial seawater solution. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) were used for surface examination. Utilizing FTIR, the chemical composition of CFE extract was investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) computations were used to conduct theoretical analyses of its main constituents. According to the electrochemical tests, corrosion inhibition increased as inhibitor concentration increased and reached a moderate inhibition efficiency of 75.66% at 20 mL/L. Polarization curves showed that CFE molecules behaved as mixed-type inhibitors and that their adsorption process primarily followed the Freundlich isotherm. Examination of the corroded aluminum surface by SEM and AFM confirmed the adsorption of compounds present in the extract. The main constituents of the natural extract's electronic characteristics were determined using chemical quantum calculations, which also clarified interactions between inhibitors and metal surfaces as well as adsorption modalities