Comparative gene expression study between two turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivars

Two turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivars differing in curcumin content viz GNT-2 (4.6 % curcumin) and NDH-98 (1.6% curcumin) were selected for comparative gene expression study in association with total curcumin contents. Sampling was done at six months after planting in open field condition. Differential gene expression patterns were observed between two cultivars by reverse transcription quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and total curcumin contents were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Low curcumin yielding cultivar, NDH-98, exhibited higher expression of DCS and CURS3 whereas lower expression of CURS1 and CURS2. However, opposite pattern was observed in a high curcumin yielding cultivar, GNT-2, where DCS and CURS3 expressions were lower but CURS1 and CURS2 expressions were higher. CURS3 showed similar expression between both cultivars. CURS1 and CURS2 expression patterns showed more closer association than DCS and CURS3 gene expression patterns with each other. Differential gene expression patterns could be predictively associated with differential curcuminoids concentrations in turmeric cultivars

Seed Longevity in Legumes: Deeper Insights Into Mechanisms and Molecular Perspectives

Sustainable agricultural production largely depends upon the viability and longevity of high-quality seeds during storage. Legumes are considered as rich source of dietary protein that helps to ensure nutritional security, but associated with poor seed longevity that hinders their performance and productivity in farmer's fields. Seed longevity is the key determinant to assure proper seed plant value and crop yield. Thus, maintenance of seed longevity during storage is of prime concern and a pre-requisite for enhancing crop productivity of legumes. Seed longevity is significantly correlated with other seed quality parameters such as germination, vigor, viability and seed coat permeability that affect crop growth and development, consequently distressing crop yield. Therefore, information on genetic basis and regulatory networks associated with seed longevity, as well as molecular dissection of traits linked to longevity could help in developing crop varieties with good storability. Keeping this in view, the present review focuses towards highlighting the molecular basis of seed longevity, with special emphasis on candidate genes and proteins associated with seed longevity and their interplay with other quality parameters. Further, an attempt was made to provide information on 3D structures of various genetic loci (genes/proteins) associated to seed longevity that could facilitate in understanding the interactions taking place within the seed at molecular level. This review compiles and provides information on genetic and genomic approaches for the identification of molecular pathways and key players involved in the maintenance of seed longevity in legumes, in a holistic manner. Finally, a hypothetical fast-forward breeding pipeline has been provided, that could assist the breeders to successfully develop varieties with improved seed longevity in legumes

Recent developments in Lablab purpureus genomics: A focus on drought stress tolerance and use of genomic resources to develop stress-resilient varieties

This research article published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2021Drought is a major climatic challenge that contributes significantly to the decline of food productivity. One of the strategies to overcome this challenge is the use of drought-tolerant crops with a wide range of benefits. Lablab is a leguminous crop that has been showing high promise to drought tolerance. It is reported to have higher drought resilience compared with the commonly cultivated legumes such as common beans and cowpeas. Because of its great genetic diversity, Lablab can withstand high temperature and low rainfall, unlike other related crops. On top of that, it is grown for multitudes of purposes including food, forages, conservation agriculture, and improved soil fertility. To enhance its production and benefits during the present effects of climate change, it is crucial to develop improved varieties that would overcome the challenge of drought stress. In the past years, there have been several reviews on Lablab based on origin, domestication, characterization, utilization, germplasm conservation, some cultivation constraints, and conventional breeding with limitations on the genomic exploitation of the crop for drought tolerance. Conventional breeding is the major breeding technique for many Lablab cultivars. The integration of genomic, physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches would be required to develop drought-tolerant cultivars of Lablab. In this review, we discuss recent developments in Lablab genomics with a focus on drought stress tolerance and the use of genomic resources to develop stress-resilient varieties