Proteomic insight into the effects of the Salmonella ubiquitin ligase SlrP on host cells

The virulence of the human and animal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is dependent on two type III secretion systems. These systems translocate proteins called effectors into eukaryotic host cells. SlrP is a Salmonella type III secretion effector with ubiquitin ligase activity. Here, we used two complementary proteomic approaches, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) to study the consequences of the presence of SlrP in human epithelial cells. We identified 37 proteins that were differentially expressed in HeLa cells expressing slrP compared to control cells. Microarray analysis revealed that more than a half of differentially expressed proteins did not show changes in the transcriptome, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation. A gene ontology overrepresentation test carried out on the differentially expressed proteins revealed enrichment of ontology terms related to several types of junctions mediating adhesion in epithelial cells. Consistently, slrP-transfected cells showed defects in migration and adhesion. Our results suggest that the modification of cell–cell interaction ability of the host could be one of the final consequences of the action of SlrP during an infection.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) SAF2010-15015 y SAF2013-46229-RConsejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía, España. P08-CVI -0348

Proteomic insight into the effects of the Salmonella ubiquitin ligase SlrP on host cells

The virulence of the human and animal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is dependent on two type III secretion systems. These systems translocate proteins called effectors into eukaryotic host cells. SlrP is a Salmonella type III secretion effector with ubiquitin ligase activity. Here, we used two complementary proteomic approaches, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) to study the consequences of the presence of SlrP in human epithelial cells. We identified 37 proteins that were differentially expressed in HeLa cells expressing slrP compared to control cells. Microarray analysis revealed that more than a half of differentially expressed proteins did not show changes in the transcriptome, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation. A gene ontology overrepresentation test carried out on the differentially expressed proteins revealed enrichment of ontology terms related to several types of junctions mediating adhesion in epithelial cells. Consistently, slrP-transfected cells showed defects in migration and adhesion. Our results suggest that the modification of cell–cell interaction ability of the host could be one of the final consequences of the action of SlrP during an infection.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) SAF2010-15015 y SAF2013-46229-RConsejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía, España. P08-CVI -0348

Importancia de la educación ambiental en la formación de la conciencia ecológica de los estudiantes y la comunidad educativa del centro educativo pucará del municipio de la Florida Nariño.

La problemática ambientalforma parte de la sociedad actual, debido a que la mayoría son causadas por la intervención humana; y para enfrentarlos se hace necesario un cambio de mentalidad en todos los ámbitos, por lo que la educación ambiental juega un papel muy importante, buscando que desde la parte educativa se promueva la toma de conciencia sobre la fragilidad de nuestro medio ambiente, el interés por él y sus problemas y se cuente con los conocimientos, actitudes, aptitudes, motivaciones y deseos para trabajar de manera individual y colectiva en búsqueda de la solución de los problemas actuales y de cómo prevenirlos en lo sucesivo

N- and S-doped carbons derived from polyacrylonitrile for gases separation

The CO2 capture using adsorption can reduce the carbon footprint, increasing the sustainability of the process without the production of wastes present in commonly used industrial operations. The present research work analyses the effect of the doping-agents incorporation in carbon materials upon adsorption and separation of gases, specifically for carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The carbons precursor was polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which enabled the incorporation of nitrogen atoms in the structure, whereas sulphur doping was reached using pure sulphur after the carbonisation step. The influence of several variables (such as temperature or pressure) and characteristics of synthesised materials (mainly corresponding to surface characteristics) on carbon dioxide separation has been evaluated. Adsorption isotherms were determined for each gas (CO2 and N2) at different temperatures and pressures. Different adsorption models were evaluated to fit the experimental data. In general, the Toth isotherm described better the adsorption for both gases. Important parameters such as CO2/N2 selectivity and heat of adsorption were determined using the IAS theory and the experimental isotherms at different temperatures, respectively. Non-activated carbons generated from PAN carbonisation without sulphur addition showed the highest values of selectivity (up to 400) and adsorption heat (up to 40 kJ mol−1), mainly at low pressures and at low carbon dioxide uptakes, respectively. Furthermore, thanks to their high adsorption capacity, these carbons can be applied for carbon dioxide separation from mixtures with nitrogen

Archaeological site of Vuelta de Obligado: the rescue of the chains found in 2020

En esta breve nota se presenta una síntesis de las labores arqueológicas de rescate realizadas durante 2020 tras el hallazgo fortuito de un tramo de cadena. Dada la cercanía de estas al antiguo monolito conmemorativo en el sitio arqueológico batalla Vuelta de Obligado (1845), había que evaluar el potencial de valor arqueológico-histórico. El carácter expeditivo de las campañas realizadas se debió, por un lado a la bajante histórica del Río Paraná como por otro, al contexto de pandemia mundial por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).This paper presents a synthesis of the archaeological rescue carried out during 2020 after the fortuitous discovery of a section of chain. Due to its proximity to the old commemorative monolith in the archaeological site of the Vuelta de Obligado battle (1845), the potential for archaeological-historical value had to be evaluated. The expeditious nature of the campaigns was due, on the one hand, to the historical downspout of the Paraná River and, on the other, to the context of the global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19).Fil: Ramos, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Raies, Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Landa, Carlos Gilberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; ArgentinaFil: Argüeso, Amaru. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Gómez, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Leiva, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Ragno, Julia. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

Estar en las redes: Estrategias de visibilización e interacción desde una cuenta de comunicación científica (Entramando Saberes, FFYL, UBA)

Entramando Saberes es un Programa de Extensión de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (UBA) compuesto por graduades y estudiantes de las carreras de Antropología, Arqueología e Historia. Desde fines de 2016, nos embarcamos en un proyecto para entablar diálogos con un público amplio, por fuera del ámbito académico, con el cual compartir los conocimientos de nuestras disciplinas a través de distintas herramientas de comunicación. En este artículo reconstruimos nuestra trayectoria como equipo y los desafíos que se nos presentaron al ‘estar en las redes’, específicamente en las plataformas digitales de Facebook e Instagram. Discutimos las estrategias para generar contenidos que, sin perder la rigurosidad, sean atractivos, llamen a la reflexión y construyan lazos con la comunidad no académica. Asimismo, consideramos el impacto que la coyuntura de pandemia tuvo en nuestras prácticas. Para finalizar, reflexionamos sobre el trabajo colectivo y el enfoque de comunicación del equipo.Entramando Saberes is an Extension Program in Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (UBA). It is formed by graduates and students of Anthropology, Archaeology and History. Since 2017, we have taken on the challenge of establishing dialogues with a broad audience outside of the academic field, with whom we share our disciplines’ knowledge through various communication tools. In this paper, we describe our trajectory as a team, and the issues we had to tackle when ‘being online’, specifically on the digital platforms of Facebook and Instagram. We discuss strategies to create content that needs to be appealing while remaining accurate, to encourage reflection and to help build bonds with the non-academic community. Furthermore, we consider the impact that the pandemic has had on our practices. Lastly, we reflect on collective work and the team’s communicational approach.Fil: Aller, Roberta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales; ArgentinaFil: García, Marisol. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana "Dr. Emilio Ravignani". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana "Dr. Emilio Ravignani"; ArgentinaFil: Gómez Vázquez, Lucila. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Departamento de Ciencias Antropológicas; ArgentinaFil: Santarcieri, Rocío. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Departamento de Ciencias Antropológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; ArgentinaFil: Costilla, Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentin

Physiological and perceptual responses for specific taolu exercises (empty-hand versus heavy bag performance)

Background and Study Aim: Taolu or kung-fu forms are established sequences of offensive and defensive techniques representing fights against fictitious opponents that require motor control, rhythm, and movement differentiation capacities. In mostly styles, forms can be performed empty-hand or using a heavy bag or wooden-dummy. However, differences on acute physiological and perceptual responses when taolu are performed in both ways have not been studied so far and remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was knowledge about acute heart rate (HR) and blood lactate [La–] responses, and perceived exertion on the performance of empty-hand versus heavy bag taolu in amateur practitioners. Material and Methods: Twelve male kung-fu practitioners participated in this study. HR, [La–] and RPE were measured before, during and after different study conditions. Tests were performed in a randomized order on heavy bag or empty-hand, in two sessions. HR was measured through a cardio-tachometer, [La–] using a Lactate Analyser and RPE through the Borg’s Scale. Statistical analysis was made using a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Results: No significant differences were found between two analysed conditions in HRWmean, p = 0.659; HRWmax, p = 0.574; %HRWmean, p = 0.605; %HRmax, p = 0.742. Also, no significant differences were found in [La–] responses, both [La]post (p=0.658) and [La]3’ (p = 0.436), between the two analysed forms. Regarding RPE, no significant differences (p = 0.068) were found between study conditions. The performance of taolu hitting a heavy bag does not represent a higher cardio-metabolic stress, nor higher subjective perceived strain for kung-fu athletes, compared to the performance of empty-hand taolu. Conclusions: The practical applications of these findings are the different possibilities of training that presents the performance of taolu, with or without using heavy bag indistinctly, since the results when performing empty-hand and bag taolu are similar, in terms of physiological and perceptual effects. Thus, martial arts’ athletes who cannot hit the heavy bag, either because of an injury or because it is not easily available, can perform only empty-hand forms, obtaining the same physiological benefits.The study supported from a pre-doctoral grant ACIF/2016/048 from the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain

Diseño de una propuesta de interpretación ambiental como recurso educativo en una reserva natural de Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina

The current context of distancing society from nature has caused environmental problems that need to be minimized. For this reason, it is essential to generate actions that contribute to reconnect social groups with the environment. In this sense, environmental education appears to be the appropriate strategy to carry out this task. This can be implemented through differentinstruments such as environmental or heritage interpretation, protected areas being favorable places to restore these links, thus allowing the generation of environmental awareness and a critical and reflective attitude about human actions. Taking into account the above, the general objective is to promote actions from the interpretation of heritage, which allow the revaluation of the Sierra del Tigre Natural Reserve (Tandil, Argentina) to contribute to the creation of environmental awareness, critical thinking and commitment to sustainability at the individual and collective level. This work is part of an extension project aimed at establishing processes of knowledge and experience exchange between university actors corresponding to the Faculty of Human Sciences of the Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires and the members of the cooperative of the Sierra del Tigre Natural Reserve located in the city of Tandil.El contexto actual de distanciamiento de la sociedad con la naturaleza ha provocado problemáticas ambientales que es necesario comenzar a minimizar. Resulta fundamental generar acciones que contribuyan a revincular a los grupos sociales con el medio. En este sentido, la educación ambiental aparece como la estrategia apropiada para realizar la tarea. Se puede implementar a partir de diversos instrumentos como la interpretación ambiental o del patrimonio, siendo las áreas protegidas lugares propicios para recomponer estos vínculos, se permite así la generación de una conciencia ambiental, una actitud crítica y reflexiva acerca del accionar humano. Se propone como objetivo general propiciar acciones desde la interpretación del patrimonio, que permitan la revalorización de la Reserva Natural Sierra del Tigre (Tandil, Argentina) para contribuir a crear a nivel individual y colectivo conciencia ambiental, pensamiento crítico y compromiso por la sustentabilidad. El presente trabajo se encuentra enmarcado en un proyecto de extensión orientado a establecer procesos de intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias entre actores universitarios correspondientes a la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas de la Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y los miembros de la cooperadora de la Reserva Natural Sierra del Tigre localizada en la ciudad de Tandil

Acute physiological responses on performance of Choy Lee Fut forms in amateur practitioners

Background and Study Aim: Martial arts’ forms are established sequences of offensive and defensive techniques representing simulated fights against fictitious opponents. Research has studied different acute physiological responses of form performance in other combat sports. However, in Choy Lee Fut (CLF) style, these responses remain unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was the knowledge about acute physiological responses in the performance of CLF form training session on the heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration ([La‒]) and serum creatine kinase concentration ([CK]) in amateur practitioners. Material and Methods: Ten male volunteers from a CLF amateur team participated in this study. HR, La‒, and CK were measured in basal conditions, right after the empty-hand and bag forms performance and 3-min after. CK post-exercise and 24 hours after CK24h were also registered. HR was measured through a cardio-tachometer, La‒ using a lactate analyzer, and CK using a single-test clinical chemistry system. Results: Study findings showed significant differences in HR responses between basal HR vs. mean work HR, (p=0.000) and maximal work HR, (p=0.000). Likewise, significant differences were found in La‒ responses between basal La‒ vs. post-exercise La‒, (p=0.000) and 3-min after exercise La‒, (p=0.000). Finally, data also showed significant differences in CK 24-hour after exercise vs. post-exercise (p=0.004) and basal values (p=0.000); and between CK basal vs. post-exercise values (p=0.000). Conclusions: Trial conditions elicited high HR and La‒ responses, which indicate that a session of the performance of CLF forms conforms to a high intensity cardio-metabolic training session. Additionally, mild CK responses suggest small muscle damage. Therefore, this session could be recommended as an optimal exercise option for amateur practitioners seeking to improve their cardiorespiratory fitness.Miguel García-Jaén participated in this study supported by a pre-doctoral grant ACIF/2016/048 from the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain