A Software Defined Networking Architecture for DDoS-Attack in the storage of Multi-Microgrids

Multi-microgrid systems can improve the resiliency and reliability of the power system network. Secure communication for multi-microgrid operation is a crucial issue that needs to be investigated. This paper proposes a multi-controller software defined networking (SDN) architecture based on fog servers in multi-microgrids to improve the electricity grid security, monitoring and controlling. The proposed architecture defines the support vector machine (SVM) to detect the distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack in the storage of microgrids. The information of local SDN controllers on fog servers is managed and supervised by the master controller placed in the application plane properly. Based on the results of attack detection, the power scheduling problem is solved and send a command to change the status of tie and sectionalize switches. The optimization application on the cloud server implements the modified imperialist competitive algorithm (MICA) to solve this stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear problem. The effective performance of the proposed approach using an SDN-based architecture is evaluated through applying it on a multi-microgrid based on IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system with three microgrids in simulation results

Hemobilia Due to Rupture of Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm

"nAlthough gastrointestinal bleeding is common, hemobilia due to the rupture of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm is uncommon. We report a case of hemobilia which was successfully treated via angiography

Acute Cholangitis Due to Anomaly of Right Hepatic Artery

Acute cholangitis (AC) is commonly observed in general practice with different causes. We report a case of recurrent AC caused by anomaly of the right hepatic artery, as a rare underlying condition

Three Living Fasciola Hepatica in the Biliary Tract of a Woman

Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) as a foodborne trematode can occasionally cause hepatobiliary diseases. We report a 67-year-old woman who was referred to our center because of the diagnosis of cholangitis. She was a resident of mountainous area with the history of unsafe water and contaminated vegetables. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed as a diagnostic and therapeutic modality for her. Three living F. hepatica was removed from biliary tract with a basket via ERCP. Clinical and laboratory condition of the patient improved after therapy of antibiotics and triclabendazole

Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Granular Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Gastrointestinal granular cell tumors are uncommon. The most common site of gastrointestinal granular cell tumor (GCT) is esophagus. We report a case of esophageal GCT incidentally diagnosed by endoscopy. The lesion was evaluated by endoscopic ultrasonography and resected using the endoscopic technique without complication

Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common disease. GERD is defined as the reflux of stomach content which causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. The management of GERD is step by step. Dietary and lifestyle modifications are the first steps. Twice-daily H2RAs at standard doses for a minimum duration of two weeks can be considered in patients with GERD who fail zo respond to lifestyle and dietary modifications. If symptoms of GERD persist, once-daily Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) can be recommended. Patients with an unsatisfactory response to once-daily PPIs dosing can be considered to have refractory GERD. Twice-daily PPI therapy can be recommended in patients who fail to respond to once-daily PPI therapy. The add-on treatment with H2RAs, baclofen, or visceral pain modulators can be considered in selective subjects with GERD who fail to respond to twice-daily PPI. Anti-reflux surgery may be taken into account in selected patients. This review focuses on the initial and maintenance therapy of GERD and also reviews different management of recurrent and refractory GER

Susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori: Comparison of E-test and Disk Diffusion for Metronidazole and Mutations in rdxA gene sequences of Helicobacter pylori strains

Metronidazole is a main stay of modern multidrug therapies for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Metronidazole resistance reduces the effectiveness of these combination therapies. Various methods have been used for the determination of the sensitivity of H. pylori to metronidazole, that have shown conflicting results. The aims of this study are: 1) Comaring E-Test and disk diffusion methods for determining the susceptibility of H. pylori to metronidazole; and 2) As metronidazole resistance in H. pylori has been found to be associated with mutations in rdxA, the role of this gene in metronidazole resistance in H. pylori has been examined in this study. A total of 46 H. pylori strains from 223 consecutive patients were examined. The E-Test was performed according to the manufacturer’s guidelines, and the disk diffusion test, according to standard procedure, using 5 μg metronidazole disks. Extraction of DNA was done from all H. pylori isolates by boiling and the use of phenol-chloroform methods, and afterwards Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed. Metronidazole resistance as determined by E-test and disk diffusion methods, was 64.3% and 47.6% respectively. None of the resistant or sensitive samples possessed rdxA gene deletion. Disk diffusion method is not reliable in determining metronidazole resistance in H. pylori. An intact rdxA gene has also been reported in metronidazole-resistant H. pylori, suggesting that additional metronidazole resistance mechanisms exist in H. pylori and even molecular methods are not reliable for the detection of this resistance