Initial training of teachers in science education activity: Exploring non-formal environments.

Conceptions of Science influence educational practices and interpretations about the construction of scientific knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to use scientific practice to test the efficiency of non-formal educational environments in training candidates for teacher certification in Biological Sciences. Training of candidates was performed in four meetings held on the State University of Goiás in Anápolis, which features an interpretative trail for environmental education. To test the hypothesis that the training was effective, a paired t-test was performed on the grades obtained in the questionnaires before and at the end of the activities (pretest and post-test). The test showed that the course was effective and led to an increase in students’ knowledge of the content covered (t test: t = 2.95, df = 16, p = 0.01), showing that on average, the scores of students increased in the post-test. This denotes a cognitive gain at the end of the course.KEYWORDS: Science education. Interpretative trails. Pre- and post-tests

Initial training of teachers in science education activity: Exploring non-formal environments.

Conceptions of Science influence educational practices and interpretations about the construction of scientific knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to use scientific practice to test the efficiency of non-formal educational environments in training candidates for teacher certification in Biological Sciences. Training of candidates was performed in four meetings held on the State University of Goiás in Anápolis, which features an interpretative trail for environmental education. To test the hypothesis that the training was effective, a paired t-test was performed on the grades obtained in the questionnaires before and at the end of the activities (pretest and post-test). The test showed that the course was effective and led to an increase in students’ knowledge of the content covered (t test: t = 2.95, df = 16, p = 0.01), showing that on average, the scores of students increased in the post-test. This denotes a cognitive gain at the end of the course.KEYWORDS: Science education. Interpretative trails. Pre- and post-tests

Recent diversification and radiation of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Leguminosae) in the cerrado: genetic consequences of climate change

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2020-01-16T12:15:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Ramilla dos Santos Braga - 2019.pdf: 5700625 bytes, checksum: 08809d25ab3e0639fccb53f40c840870 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2020-01-17T12:06:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Ramilla dos Santos Braga - 2019.pdf: 5700625 bytes, checksum: 08809d25ab3e0639fccb53f40c840870 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-17T12:06:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Ramilla dos Santos Braga - 2019.pdf: 5700625 bytes, checksum: 08809d25ab3e0639fccb53f40c840870 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-09-27Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESThe species Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão) is considered a valuable genetic resource of the Brazilian Cerrado, mainly due to its medicinal properties. It has been exploited in an extractive manner in its natural habitat, requiring studies of conservation and management plans. Species of this genus had recent diversification in the Cerrado, becoming interesting models for evaluating intraspecific genetic patterns in the biome. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the phylogeographic patterns of S. adstringens, in order to infer about the hypotheses of diversification of their lineages in time and space. Beyond to measure the impact of future climate changes on the geographic distribution of the genetic variation of this species. For this, the DNA polymorphism of chloroplastid (psbA-trnH and trnL-F) and nuclear (ETS) regions was quantified in individuals from 17 localities in the Cerrado. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity levels were evaluated to verify the population genetic differentiation. Coalescence analyses were performed to estimate historical demographic parameters and to identify divergence time among populations of S. adstringens. The environmental suitability of S. adstringens in the past, present and historical refuge was used to identify spatial patterns on population genetic diversity. Current and future genetic clusters were simulated from climatic scenarios. Low genetic diversity was found for cpDNA and ETS and the geographical distribution of haplotypes reflects an incomplete lineage sort. There are discordant patterns of interpopulation genetic differentiation between regions of the genome, with greater effect for cpDNA. Historical demographic equilibrium was evidenced for S. adstringens, contrary by ENM, indicating retraction of range. Most recent common ancestor was dated to 1.7 Ma ago, dividing into two main clades with most of the diversification events dating to the Middle Pleistocene. The spatial structure is stronger for ETS, suggesting the existence of isolation by distance and environmental isolation due to temperature variations. Populations closer to the edge of the historic refuge have greater genetic diversity that can be associated with multiple historical refuges and ecological transition from forest to savanna environments. Genetic clusters modeled under current and future climatic conditions, indicate losses and homogenization of genetic variation for the species. The data corroborate the recent population diversification of S. adstringens in the Cerrado, reinforcing the phylogenetic pattern in species of this genus. Beyond, low levels of genetic diversity, reflecting the effects of glacial and interglacial periods in the Pleistocene, suggesting multiple refuges formation. The impact of climate change and the disorderly exploitation of the natural populations of this genetic resource indicate the need for management and conservation plans of the species.A espécie Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão) é considerada um recurso genético valioso do Cerrado brasileiro, principalmente em função de suas propriedades medicinais. As populações naturais desta espécie carecem de estudos de planos de manejo, devido à fragmentação do Cerrado, visando propor estratégias de conservação. Espécies deste gênero tiveram diversificação recente no Cerrado, tornando-se bons modelos para avaliar padrões genéticos intraespecíficos no bioma. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os padrões filogeográficos de S. adstringens, a fim de inferir sobre as hipóteses de diversificação de suas linhagens no tempo e espaço. Além disso, mensurar o impacto de mudanças climáticas futuras na distribuição geográfica e na variação genética desta espécie. Para tanto, o polimorfismo no DNA de regiões cloroplastidiais (psbA-trnH e trnL-F) e nuclear (ETS) foi quantificado em indivíduos de 17 localidades no Cerrado. Foram estimados os níveis de diversidade haplotípica e nucleotídica para verificar a diferenciação genética populacional. Por meio de análises de coalescência foram estimados parâmetros demográficos históricos e o tempo de divergência entre as populações de S. adstringens. A adequabilidade ambiental de S. adstringens no passado, presente e refúgio histórico foi usada para identificar padrões espaciais sobre a diversidade genética populacional. Grupos genéticos atuais e futuros foram simulados a partir de cenários climáticos. Foi encontrada uma baixa diversidade genética para cpDNA e ETS e a distribuição geográfica dos haplótipos reflete um padrão de arranjo incompleto de linhagens. Há padrões discordantes de estrutura genética interpopulacional entre as regiões do genoma, com maior efeito para cpDNA. Equilíbrio demográfico histórico foi evidenciado para S. adstringens, ao contrário do encontrado por ENM, indicando retração de áreas de ocorrência geográfica. O ancestral comum mais recente foi datado em 1,7 Ma atrás, dividindo em dois clados principais e a maioria dos eventos de diversificação datando no Pleistoceno Médio. A estrutura espacial é mais forte para ETS, sugerindo a existência de isolamento por distância e isolamento ambiental, devido variações de temperatura. Populações mais próximas da borda do refúgio histórico detêm maior diversidade genética que podem ser associadas a múltiplos refúgios históricos e transição ecológica de ambientes florestais para savânicos. Os grupos genéticos, modelados sob as condições climáticas atuais e futuras, apontam perdas e homogeneização da variação genética para a espécie. Os dados encontrados corroboram com a diversificação populacional recente de S. adstringens, reforçando o padrão filogenético em espécies deste gênero no Cerrado. Além disso, os baixos níveis de diversidade genética refletem os efeitos dos períodos glaciais e interglaciais no Pleistoceno, sugerindo a formação de múltiplos refúgios. O impacto das mudanças climáticas e o uso inadequado das populações naturais deste recurso genético indicam a necessidade de planos de manejo e conservação para a espécie

Chloroplast genome characterization of Uncaria guianensis and Uncaria tomentosa and evolutive dynamics of the Cinchonoideae subfamily

Abstract Uncaria species are used in traditional medicine and are considered of high therapeutic value and economic importance. This work describes the assembly and annotation of the chloroplast genomes of U. guianensis and U. tomentosa, as well as a comparative analysis. The genomes were sequenced on MiSeq Illumina, assembled with NovoPlasty, and annotated using CHLOROBOX GeSeq. Addictionaly, comparative analysis were performed with six species from NCBI databases and primers were designed in Primer3 for hypervariable regions based on the consensus sequence of 16 species of the Rubiaceae family and validated on an in-silico PCR in OpenPrimeR. The genome size of U. guianensis and U. tomentosa was 155,505 bp and 156,390 bp, respectively. Both Species have 131 genes and GC content of 37.50%. The regions rpl32-ccsA, ycf1, and ndhF-ccsA showed the three highest values of nucleotide diversity within the species of the Rubiaceae family and within the Uncaria genus, these regions were trnH-psbA, psbM-trnY, and rps16-psbK. Our results indicates that the primer of the region ndhA had an amplification success for all species tested and can be promising for usage in the Rubiaceae family. The phylogenetic analysis recovered a congruent topology to APG IV. The gene content and the chloroplast genome structure of the analyzed species are conserved and most of the genes are under negative selection. We provide the cpDNA of Neotropical Uncaria species, an important genomic resource for evolutionary studies of the group

Relationship between Genetic Variability and Land Use and Land Cover in Populations of Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae)

Campomanesia adamantium is an endemic plant of Cerrado biome that has potential for cultivation because its fruits have culinary and medicinal uses. However, genetic diversity studies using molecular markers with Cerrado species are scarce, and the inadequate extractive exploitation of fruits and the expansion of agricultural frontiers may also affect genetic variability. Therefore, studies in this field are of interest as they can provide sources for conservation and breeding programs. In this context, we investigated the genetic diversity of native populations of C. adamantium from different sites and the relationship between genetic variability and the land use and land cover of each site. A total of 207 plants were sampled in seven sites and characterized with seven polymorphic microsatellite markers. The use and coverage of land were mapped based on aerial images, and the land was classified into different categories. The genetic diversity was high in all populations, with low levels of differentiation due to allele sharing, mainly in Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraguay populations. The geographically closest populations were more genetically similar. The use and coverage of land indicated that intense agriculture promotes a significant decrease in genetic variability