Effect of heat treatment with CdCl2 on the electrodeposited CdTe/CdS heterojunction

CdS/CdTe heterojunction was subjected to chemical treatment commonly used in photovoltaic device fabrication to determine the resulting microscopic effect on the morphology and structure. CdS and CdTe thin films were electrodeposited successively onto indium tin oxide (ITO) from aqueous solution. Containing CdCl2 and Na2S2O3 for the deposition of thin film windows, the ITO/CdS resulting substrates was then used for the deposition of CdTe thin film absorber using aqueous solution of CdSO4 and TeO2. Next CdCl2 dip followed by 400°C heat treatment was used to modify the CdTe/CdS surface and interface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to evaluate the resulting surface morphology. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the heat treatment enhances the recrystallisation and shifts the CdTe peaks towards a smaller lattice parameter.CdS/CdTe heterojunction was subjected to chemical treatment commonly used in photovoltaic device fabrication to determine the resulting microscopic effect on the morphology and structure. CdS and CdTe thin films were electrodeposited successively onto indium tin oxide (ITO) from aqueous solution. Containing CdCl2 and Na2S2O3 for the deposition of thin film windows, the ITO/CdS resulting substrates was then used for the deposition of CdTe thin film absorber using aqueous solution of CdSO4 and TeO2. Next CdCl2 dip followed by 400°C heat treatment was used to modify the CdTe/CdS surface and interface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to evaluate the resulting surface morphology. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the heat treatment enhances the recrystallisation and shifts the CdTe peaks towards a smaller lattice parameter

Physical properties of CdSexTe1-x thin films prepared by electrodeposition

The cadmium chalcogenides CdSexTe1-x (0≤x ≤1 ) thin films have been electrodeposited onto ITO coated glass substrates from an acid sulphate solution at 90 °C. The structure, the composition and the morphology have been studied as a function of the x coefficient by XRD, EDAX, optical absorbance and AFM techniques. All deposits have a cubic structure with a preferred orientation along the (111) direction. The composition in the films is found to vary linearly with the composition in the solution. The increase of the amount of tellurium in the CdSexTe1-x films decreases the band gap down to 1.35 eV and increases the lattice constant. The photoelectrochemical studies in a polysulfide electrolyte show that CdSexTe1-x thin films behave as n-type semiconductors.The cadmium chalcogenides CdSexTe1-x (0≤x ≤1 ) thin films have been electrodeposited onto ITO coated glass substrates from an acid sulphate solution at 90 °C. The structure, the composition and the morphology have been studied as a function of the x coefficient by XRD, EDAX, optical absorbance and AFM techniques. All deposits have a cubic structure with a preferred orientation along the (111) direction. The composition in the films is found to vary linearly with the composition in the solution. The increase of the amount of tellurium in the CdSexTe1-x films decreases the band gap down to 1.35 eV and increases the lattice constant. The photoelectrochemical studies in a polysulfide electrolyte show that CdSexTe1-x thin films behave as n-type semiconductors

Stochastic Acceleration in Relativistic Parallel Shocks

(abridged) We present results of test-particle simulations on both the first and the second order Fermi acceleration at relativistic parallel shock waves. We consider two scenarios for particle injection: (i) particles injected at the shock front, then accelerated at the shock by the first order mechanism and subsequently by the stochastic process in the downstream region; and (ii) particles injected uniformly throughout the downstream region to the stochastic process. We show that regardless of the injection scenario, depending on the magnetic field strength, plasma composition, and the employed turbulence model, the stochastic mechanism can have considerable effects on the particle spectrum on temporal and spatial scales too short to be resolved in extragalactic jets. Stochastic acceleration is shown to be able to produce spectra that are significantly flatter than the limiting case of particle energy spectral index -1 of the first order mechanism. Our study also reveals a possibility of re-acceleration of the stochastically accelerated spectrum at the shock, as particles at high energies become more and more mobile as their mean free path increases with energy. Our findings suggest that the role of the second order mechanism in the turbulent downstream of a relativistic shock with respect to the first order mechanism at the shock front has been underestimated in the past, and that the second order mechanism may have significant effects on the form of the particle spectra and its evolution.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures (9 black/white and 2 color postscripts). To be published in the ApJ (accepted 6 Nov 2004

Le tératome cervical: A propos de 2 cas

Le tératome est une tumeur embryonnaire généralement localisé au niveau sacro-coccygien. La localisation cervicale est rare, et ne représente que3%, elle est associée à un fort taux de mortalité arrivant jusqu’à 80 % à la période néonatale du fait de l’obstruction des voies aériennes.L’immaturité n’est pas un signe de malignité quand la tumeur est prise en charge à la période néonatale. Nous rapportons 2 cas colligés au servicede chirurgie pédiatrique du CHU HASSAN II de Fès, en mettant en relief qu’il existe encore un manque de diagnostic anténatal, malgrél’amélioration de la prise en charge des nouveaux nés.Key words: Tératome cervical géant, nouveau né, chirurgi

A case report of a huge congenital granular cell epulis operated under local anesthesia

Congenital granular cell epulis (CGCE) is a very rare benign soft tissue lesion of the neonate, it most frequently located on the anterior maxillary alveolar ridge. It has a female predilection. It is a tumor with no tendency to recur after excision. The exact histogenesis of this tumor remains unresolved and it may be hamartomata.Key words: Congenital granular cell tumor, gingival tumor, newborn, local anesthesi

Kyste hydatique pulmonaire chez l’enfant traité par thoracoscopie: huit ans d’expérience

L'échinococcose kystique est une pathologie fréquente en zone d'endémie: pourtour méditerranéen, Afrique de l'est et l'Amérique du Sud. L'hydatidose reste à l'heure actuelle un problème majeur de santé publique. Notre travail consiste en une étude rétrospective de 27 malades opérés pour kyste hydatique pulmonaire (KHP) par thoracoscopie, au service de chirurgie pédiatrique du centre hospitalier universitaire HASSAN II à Fès, sur une période de huit ans allant de janvier 2004 au décembre 2011.Key words: Kyste hydatique, thoracoscopie, enfant, Maro

Cervical hibernoma in a two year old boy

Hibernomas are uncommon benign soft tissue tumours mimicking brown fat. They are mostly seen in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Only few cases in the cervical area have been reported. Because of its rarity in pediatrics and diffcult diagnosis, we report a tow year-old patient with a cervical tumor. Ultrasound and computed tomography exams showed an infiltrative, with hypervascular and lipomatous features. After tumor excision,   histopathological exam confirmed the diagnosis of hibernoma or brown fat tumor. This presentation describes the characteristics of this type of tumor, rare in children

Towards Customer's Emotion Management in Marketing: The Role of customers' Emotions on Their Experience

This research study aims at understanding the role of the customers' emotion towards a certain product/service in their experience. In another word, this research aims at finding the relationship between the customers' emotions and the way it influences their experience in a certain purchasing process. A questionnaire was distributed on a random sample of mall visitors through a period of 30 days (month) and it was based on variables including; A) shop clerk's sex, uniform and emotional behavior B) shop's environment C) clerks' friendliness. The results show that positive emotions of the customers which are connected to a positive shopping experience is influential and hence can lead to a positive purchasing decision, in addition to that, it was found out that the shop clerk's positive emotions is very important in supporting the client with a good shopping experience in the store. The gender was also a notion that worth to be noted based on the idea that the results supported that concept of the opposites meet. Finally, the uniform and dress codes for the shopping assistants appeared to be the least influential factor of all. Keywords: Customer emotions, customer experience, in-store customer emotions, provider/buyer encounte