Effect of Sodium Sulphate on the Index Properties and Compaction Behaviour of Neyveli Fly Ash-Shedi Soil Mixtures

This paper presents the effect of abundantly available fly ash, on the index properties namely liquid and plastic limit and compaction characteristics of shedi soil. Shedi soil is a problematic soil that lies between top low level laterite and bottom high level laterites in the western coastal area of Karnataka, India. The effect of sodium salts on this shedi soil optimized with Neyveli Fly ash has also been studied. Considerable changes in the index properties and compaction characteristics were observed which are explained based on series of experimental results. Addition of Neyveli fly ash improved the workability of shedi soil considerably. The addition of sodium sulphate to the optimum combination of shedi soil-Neyveli fly ash mixture increases the shear strength of the mixture. The maximum dry density also found increased with the addition of sodium sulphate

Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Esophagus

Esophageal cancer, according to GLOBOCAN 2018 data, ranks seventh in terms of incidence and sixth in mortality among all cancers worldwide. In India, it is considered the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Influenced by lifestyle, socioeconomic and environmental factors, striking geographic variations in incidence exist. With regard to histopathology, esophageal cancers are unique among malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract in that they principally comprise two variants: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma, with the former accounting for up to 80% of cases. Etiological factors for SCC show marked variations worldwide, with tobacco consumption, alcohol, hot beverages, and poor nutrition constituting the predominant predisposing factors. Although present day therapeutic interventions have begun to positively influence disease prognosis, with significant improvements in survival noted over the last 3 decades, cancer of the esophagus remains a highly lethal disease with a case fatality rate approaching 90%. Management of this disease includes all three primary modalities of treatment; surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Surgical resection, the only curative modality of treatment, remains a challenge even with advances like minimal access surgery and is feasible only in early stage disease. Early diagnosis and accurate staging are paramount for optimizing treatment and hence, prognosis

Gauss Legendre quadrature over a triangle

This paper presents a Gauss Legendre quadrature method for numerical integration over the standard triangular surface: (x, y) | 0 â x, y â 1, x + y â 1 in the Cartesian two-dimensional (x, y) space. Mathematical transformation from (x, y) space to (ξ, η) space map the standard triangle in (x, y) space to a standard 2-square in (ξ, η) space: (ξ, η)|-l â ξ, η â 1. This overcomes the difficulties associated with the derivation of new weight coefficients and sampling points and yields results which are accurate and reliable. Results obtained with new formulae are compared with the existing formulae. © Indian Institute of Science

Genetic Diversity of Army worm, Spodoptera mauritia Isolated from Kerala, India

The army worm Spodoptera mauritia is one of the major pests of paddy which is widely distributed in the Indian subcontinent, East and southern Asia and in the Australian region. Generally the army worms infest paddy crops of less than 20-25 days old. They are gregarious, defoliating the paddy and move from one field to other in large number like an army. The classification of Spodoptera species is mainly based on the structure of the male genitalia, antenna and the colour pattern of the wing. Here we report the partial coding sequence of cytochrome oxidase sub-unit I (COI) sequence of army worm isolated from Kerala, India which is identical to that isolated from Japan. This study highlights the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of army worm in paddy cultivating countries

Plant Physiology Reports (Indian Journal of Plant Physiology)

Not AvailableTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits of nine popular varieties in India were analysed for change in the levels of different nutrients (P, K, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mg, Ca and Mn) during the period of their postharvest ripening (fruits harvested at green mature stage and stored at 251 C). This work is in continuation of our previous and related work wherein similar studies were done on the tomato fruits undergoing ripening while attached to the plant (Ramesh in 115, 2020). Here in this study, nutrients were estimated in the outer pericarp of tomato fruits at the time of their harvest (at green mature stage) and during the storage period at 5, 10 and 14 days after harvest (DAH). Under above said storage conditions, ripening behaviour of tomato fruits of different varieties was also determined by ripening index (RI %) at 3, 5, 8, 10 and 14 DAH. The results on nutrients showed net increase in P, K, Fe, Zn, B and Cu with static levels for Mg, Ca, and Mn at 14 DAH in comparison to their levels at green mature stage. The increase is explained in view of remobilization of nutrients from other parts of the fruit to the outer pericarp. While, internal mobilization of nutrients within the fruit might have helped in maintaining the static level of nutrients. Correlation analyses revealed that lower content of K and Ca along with higher content of B and Cu can impart slow ripening to tomato fruits. Comparison between plant-attached (our earlier study) and plant-detached tomato fruits (this study) indicated that in contrast to the fruits at green mature stage there is net increase in Zn, B, Cu, Mg, Ca and Mn in the outer pericarp of plant-detached ripened fruits. This was due to the internal mobilization of nutrients within the fruits towards the outer pericarp and absence of any remobilization or back flow of nutrients away from the fruits as the fruits were off the plant

Compaction and strength behavior of lime-coir fiber treated Black Cotton soil

This paper describes the compaction and strength behavior of black cotton soil (BC soil) reinforced with coir fibers. Coir used in this study is processed fiber from the husk of coconuts. BC soil reinforced with coir fiber shows only marginal increase in the strength of soil, inhibiting its use for ground improvement. In order to further increase the strength of the soil-coir fiber combination, optimum percentage of 4 of lime is added. The effect of aspect ratio, percentage fiber on the behavior of the composite soil specimen with curing is isolated and studied. It is found that strength properties of optimum combination of BC soil-lime specimens reinforced with coir fibers is appreciably better than untreated BC soil or BC soil alone with coir fiber. Lime treatment in BC soil improves strength but it imparts brittleness in soil specimen. BC soil treated with 4 lime and reinforced with coir fiber shows ductility behavior before and after failure. An optimum fiber content of 1 (by weight) with aspect ratio of 20 for fiber was recommended for strengthening BC soil

An efficient design methodology to speed up the FPGA implementation of artificial neural networks

In this paper, we propose and formulate a C++ based training methodology for speeding up the implementation of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The proposed ANN implementation methodology uses a custom C++ based program referred to as Neural Network Design Parameter Extraction (NNDPE) program developed using an open source library namely Fast Artificial Neural Network (FANN). The proposed C++ based NNDPE program reduces the time required to train and extract the design parameters of the ANN, such as the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, and the weights. The extracted ANN design parameters, custom hardware arithmetic units, and function-approximate activation functions are used to implement the ANN hardware architecture of a linear function on the Virtex-7 FPGA platform. The Vivado 2018.3 tool is used to simulate, synthesize, and implement the ANN-based linear function. It was concluded from the simulation that the ANN hardware implementation has high precision due to the usage of floating-point arithmetic operations compared to the ANN which uses fixed-point arithmetic operations. The ANN-implemented on the Virtex-7 FPGA operates at 150.76 MHz, which is approximately 11 to 18 times faster than the software implementation running on various CPU cores with operating frequencies ranging over 2.2 GHz to 4.70 GHz

Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl