Social harmony at the boundaries of the welfare state Immigrants and social transfer

'The social contract of the welfare state can be strained by the arrival of immigrants who receive welfare payments financed by citizens' taxes. The authors show, however, that the presence of unemployed immigrants receiving welfare payments is consistent with social harmony. The social harmony, which is a consequence of a view of unemployment as a labor-market discipline, contrasts with the social conflict predicted by Karl Marx when he proposed his earlier version of the same explanation for unemployment. The authors demonstrate that a socially harmonious policy is always feasible. Outcomes without social harmony can therefore always be suitably amended.' (author's abstract)Der Wohlfahrtsstaat kann als ein sozialer Kontrakt verstanden werden. Durch die Zahlung von Steuern und Sozialabgaben resultiert der Anspruch der Buerger, in Notlagen auf staatliche Unterstuetzung rechnen zu koennen. Die Belastbarkeit dieses Kontrakts wird fuer den Buerger einem besonderen Test unterworfen, wenn Immigranten wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Sozialleistungen aus 'seinen Steuern' erhalten. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt demgegenueber an Hand eines mathematischen Modells, dass die Existenz von arbeitslosen Immigranten mit dem Prinzip der sozialen Harmonie vereinbar und auch sozialpolitisch tragbar und durchfuehrbar ist. (ICAUebers)German title: Soziale Harmonie an den Grenzen des Wohlfahrtsstaats: Immigranten und sozialer TransferAvailable from http://www.iza.org/indexd.html / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Labor market interactions between legal and illegal immigrants

'This paper looks at the situation of legal immigrants who employ illegal immigrants to provide them with various services. This enables the legal immigrants to allocate more time to other work, thereby increasing their earnings. Illegal immigrants employed by legal immigrants may specialize in certain professions and may themselves employ other illegal immigrants. An economy is evolving whose sole purpose is the provision of services by illegal immigrants for legal immigrants.' (author's abstract)Das Arbeitspapier untersucht die Situation von legalen Einwanderern, die illegale Einwanderer beschaeftigen, um diese mit verschiedenen Diensten zu versorgen. Dies macht es fuer die legalen Einwanderer moeglich, mehr Zeit fuer andere Arbeiten zu haben und dadurch ihr Einkommen zu erhoehen. Illegale Einwanderer, die von legalen Einwanderern beschaeftigt werden, koennen in bestimmten Bereichen spezialisiert sein und selber andere illegale Einwanderer beschaeftigen. Es entsteht eine Wirtschaft, deren einziger Zweck in der Bereitstellung von Arbeitsdiensten illegaler Einwanderer fuer legale Einwanderer liegt. (ICIUebers)German title: Arbeitsmarktbeziehungen zwischen legalen und illegalen EinwanderernAvailable from ftp://ftp.iza.org/dps/dp204.pdf / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Quantum interference and non-linear spectroscopy Final report

An experimental and theoretical program aimed at investigating the quantum coherence induced effects in an atomic system, was carried out. The experimental program was carried out on both cesium and rubidium atomic systems, in which we probed the effects of coherences between various atomic states. These coherences were found to influence the optical pumping properties and the population transfer mechanisms in these systems. The experiments probed these properties in both an atomic beam and in an optically created cold atomic lattice. Using a unique method, we optically pumped Cs in an atomic beam into a single quantum state, thus allowing us to prepare a spin aligned system. Once in a single quantum state, the atom was then available for further interaction with a laser, and we were able to study the evolution of the atomic state coherences. The dependence of the coherence on laser linewidth, external magnetic field and laser polarization was examined both theoretically and experimentally. We also developed a single mode diode laser for operation at 895 nm for probing the cesium D_1 line, for which laser diodes were until now not accessible. In another experiment, on laser cooled rubidium atoms, we probed the atomic lattice by Bragg diffraction of coherent light. By an additional probe spectroscopy we could probe the minute atomic motions of an atom deeply bound in a potential well. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F98B1587 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (GIF), Oberschleissheim (Germany)DEGerman

Basic properties of YBa_2Cu_3O_x vs. charge carrier density Final scientific report

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(48,8) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (GIF), Oberschleissheim (Germany)DEGerman

Untersuchungen des Flusslinienschmelzens in Hoch T_c-Supraleitern durch Messungen der Magnetisierung und der spezifischen Waerme

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(57,11) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

High resolution doppler free laser spectroscopy. Application to cesium Final report for the years 1988-1992

Available from TIB Hannover: F95B467 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (GIF), Oberschleissheim (Germany)DEGerman

Influence of thermal fluctuations and artificial defects on vortex pinning and dynamics in high-temperature superconductors Final scientific report

One of the aims of this project was to develop two new and complementary experimental measurement techniques for study of vortex dynamics in high-temperature superconductors (HTSC): the sensitive vibrating reed and the microscopic arrays of Hall sensors. The purpose of this research was the study of the influence of pinning (due to intrinsic or incorporated pinning centers and geometrical or surface barriers) and thermal fluctuations on the electromagnetic properties of HTSC crystals and thin films. A substantial progress in these tasks was achieved. The vibrating reed system with capacitive and laser interferometry detection was developed in Bayreuth-Leipzig Universities and the microscopic Hall-sensor arrays have been developed and manufactured at the Weizmann Institute and successfully used for several studies of HTSC crystals. A technique for incorporation of submicron defect structures in thin films has been developed and tested. In addition significant progress in theoretical analysis of vortex dynamics has been achieved through the collaboration with Bar-Ilan University. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: F00B233 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (GIF), Oberschleissheim (Germany)DEGerman

Genetic markers in Sarotherodon and their use for sex and specie identification Final scientific report. Expertise. Report period: January 1981 - April 1984

TIB: AC 9036 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman