Tamil Artefacts in Cultural Anthropology

Material culture and other sources, which are the basic source of anthropology, contribute greatly to the evaluation of the course of ancient civilization. Evidence of this can be found in our Sanskrit literature and the numerous artifacts found during archeological excavations. The culture of anthropology is not new, it is the field of knowledge that has been followed over time, social development. Man, who lived naturally with nature, discovered metals along with soil, wood, stone, etc., and used them to find many tools for everyday living needs. He also learned about the pros and cons of the products, as well as the beliefs of the method of use. The existence of antiquities of ancient Tamils ​​in many objects can be traced back to material culture and Sangam literature. Remnants of ancient Tamil civilization are said to have been used in everyday life for household and industrial purposes. There is little doubt that despite the use of machines in modern times, what the superman used is still used by the rural people today

Literature based discovery: Techniques and tools

Literature Based Discovery (LBD) was initially proposed by Don R. Swanson in 1980 as a method to establish relationships between disease and remedy from disjoint science literature. Consequently, he established a link between magnesium and migraines. Since then literature based discovery has been a subject of research and development for discovery in online medical publications. It has further been investigated in both chemistry and mathematics; In this thesis, we give an overview of LBD and the software tools necessary to automate this technique. We further provide an implementation of this technique that is intended to be used for computer science subject matter

Caste Rejection Thoughts in Siddhar Songs

Siddhar literature is still a unique literature in Tamil literature. The Siddhas have formulated their principles and doctrines in grammar. The word community means not only people living together but also living together based on an order in a society. The set of thoughts formed about what should and should not be done by a human being in a society is called morality or ethics. Based on this virtue, various virtues including the virtue of life have been said. Through the Vedas and the Puranas, the Vaidikas, the Brahmins, portrayed themselves as superior and treated other caste people as slaves. Many were considered as untouchables and unfit based on caste hierarchies. The Siddhars have raised a revolt against the Vedics, their principles and doctrines. Caste and religion are inextricably intertwined in Indian society. They are inextricably intertwined. The Siddhars are foremost in denouncing the caste system which is the main reason for the division in the society. Siddhars who saw the inequalities that existed between them in their time, stood bravely and opposed the caste system. Caste oppression is one of the most prevalent things in Indian society.  One of its inputs is the untouchability and is created as a result of a dominant mindset that does not treat fellow human beings as equals. If you touch the untouchables you will be defiled. Seeing this cruelty, the Siddhars raised their voices against untouchability. The Siddhars have also sung against untouchability as a part of caste oppression. The Siddhars condemned the Vedas for citing grass-eating as the main reason for untouchability

Emergency peripartum hysterectomy at a tertiary care hospital: analysis of epidemiology, clinical profile, indications and outcome

Background: Peripartum hysterectomy is a life-saving obstetric procedure that is performed at the time of a caesarean section or postpartum following either vaginal delivery or caesarean section. The purpose of the present study was to determine the incidence, risk factors ,indications ,maternal and neonatal morbidity, mortality and complications  of emergency peripartum  hysterectomy performed at a tertiary teaching hospital in South India and to compare the results with other reports in literature.Methods: During the period of study between January 2015-December 2016, there were 50 cases of emergency peripartum hysterectomy at Tirunelveli medical college hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, South India. Medical, pathology and operation theatre records were analyzed retrospectively. Details of maternal age, parity, booking status, underlying risk factors, past obstetric history, gestational age at delivery ,mode of delivery ,indications for emergency peripartum hysterectomy, type of operation, intraoperative and post-operative complications, blood components transfusion ,maternal and neonatal  outcomes were noted and analyzed.Results: During the 2-year study period there were 50 emergency peripartum hysterectomy out of 14,363 deliveries, a rate of 1 per 294 deliveries (3.4/1000 deliveries). 80% of hysterectomies were performed after caesarean delivery and 20%  after vaginal delivery. The two major indications were abnormal placentation (40%) and uterine atony (28%). There were 6 maternal deaths among patients who underwent emergency peripartum hysterectomy during the period of study.Conclusions: Improved antenatal care, correction of anaemia, identification of risk factors for peripartum hysterectomy, timely referral, expedite management, timely decision, availability and liberal use of blood components and appropriate management of post-operative complications by experienced clinical team are the main stay for saving maternal lives. With increasing rate of caesarean section there is rise in the incidence of abnormal placentation

Zebrafish: An Animal Model for Testing Suitability of Pseudomonas Species for Bioremediation of Pesticide Influenced Soil

Prolonged usage of chemicals in agriculture has devastated biodiversity to a large extent including microbial diversity and density. Upon intense exposure certain microorganisms acclimatize to chemical influenced soil and exploit those chemicals as their sole source of carbon and/or nitrogen. Bioremediation studies over the past decades predominantly imply on isolation of Pseudomonas species with the property to consume chemical contaminants as their source of energy. Pseudomonas spp. have adapted themselves to extreme conditions by altering their metabolic pathway. Hence these can be to some extent denoted as bio-indicators of chemical contaminants. But suggesting Pseudomonas spp. for field study or for bioremediation threatens us in particular with the development of antibiotic resistance and instigating secondary infections, thus restricting their application. The present study involves in possibility of Pseudomonas species to be considered for bioremediation by testing their ability in causing mortality in zebrafish. Isolates for the comparative study include P. aeruginosa (clinical isolate), P. aeruginosa (soil isolate with pesticide degradation property) and P. pseudoalcaligenes (soil isolate with pesticide’s carrier molecule degradation property). Results obtained confer that antibiotic resistance and mortality caused by the clinical strain was significantly higher thus advocating an affirmative annotation for the field application of soil isolates

Studies on cytotoxic, phytotoxic and volatile profile of the bark extract of the medicinal plant, Mallotus tetracoccus (Roxb.) Kurz.

This study was aimed at analysing the compounds present in the bark extract of Mallotus tetracoccus (Roxb.) Kurz. by GC-MS analysis and also to investigate the cytotoxic and phytotoxic activity of Mallotus tetracoccus (Roxb.) Kurz. bark extract. The major constituents in M. tetracoccus (Roxb.) Kurz. bark extract are thiocyanic acid and 2-propynyl ester (52.04%). It possesses biocidal, antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticancer activity. The cytotoxic activity of bark extract was evaluated by brine shrimp lethality bioassay method and the LC50 value was found to be 84.72 μg/ml compared to taxol 0.85 μg/ml. Phytotoxicity assay showed significant root length inhibition by the extract at the concentrations of 100, 1000 and 10000 ppm. Similarly, seed germination studies shows that the bark extract possess significant inhibition at concentrations of 1000 and 7500 ppm.Keywords: Mallotus tetracoccus, GC-MS analysis, thiocyanic acid, furfural, 4H- Pyran-4 -one, 2, 3- Dihydro-3, 5- dihydroxy-6- methyl, cytotoxicity, phytotoxicity, radish seed, artemia salina

Post colonoscopic acute bacterial prostatitis: a case report

Colonoscopy is a common procedure for diagnosing a wide range of conditions and symptoms affecting the large bowel. Research has shown that the examination itself may induce transient bacterial infections. Specifically acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) has little mention in medical literature as a recognized complication of this procedure. Here we discuss a 37 year old male presenting with symptoms suggesting lower urinary tract infection after having undergone colonoscopy followed by recurrent episodic haematuria and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Physicians and endoscopists should be aware of the risk of acute bacterial prostatitis as a potential complication of colonoscopy in order to minimize misdiagnosis as well as the complications associated with the delayed treatment of it. In addition male patients and the immunocompromised should be fully counselled regarding this risk prior to undertaking this procedure

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in early pregnancy: an analysis

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is defined as greater than 100,000 organisms in the urine of a person who lacks symptoms. The objective of present study was to find out the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in women attending the antenatal OPD in a tertiary care centre and to study the effect of screening and treatment on maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: The study was conducted at OG Department, Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital over a period of ten months from March 2014 to Dec. 2014. Antenatal women at 12-16 weeks were screened by collecting clean catch midstream urine samples and doing routine urine analysis, culture/sensitivity and colony count. Treatment was given to all bacteriaurics with oral cephalexin and for persistent cases with Inj. gentamycin. Repeat culture was done at second and third trimesters.Results: In this study, the incidence of ASB was found to be 10.8%. It was more common among primi gravida (13.98%) and the incidence was found to be high in low socio economic groups (12.4%). In present study E. coli was 88.88%, Klebsiella 7.4% and Staphylococcus aureus 3.7%. Anemia was found in 37.04% of bacteriurics, preeclampsia in 7.4%, preterm delivery in 14.82% and low birth weight in 18.5% of bacteriurics.Conclusions: Treatment of ASB during pregnancy at the first antenatal visit decreases the incidence of preeclampsia, premature delivery, low-birth weight and perinatal mortality