Vascular access, fluid resuscitation, and blood transfusion in pediatric trauma.

Trauma care in the general population has largely become protocol-driven, with an emphasis on fast and efficient treatment, good team communication at all levels of care including prehospital care, initial resuscitation, intensive care, and rehabilitation. Most available literature on trauma care has focused on adults, allowing the potential to apply concepts from adult care to pediatric care. But there remain issues that will always be specific to pediatric patients that may not translate from adults. Several new devices such as intraosseous (IO) needle systems and techniques such as ultrasonography to cannulate central and peripheral veins have become available for integration into our pre-existing trauma care system for children. This review will focus specifically on the latest techniques and evidence available for establishing intravenous access, rational approaches to fluid resuscitation, and blood product transfusion in the pediatric trauma patient

Cultural Heritage Awareness among students of Pondicherry University: a Study

This paper aims to study the awareness of cultural heritage using their demographic variables.For this study data was collected through an online questionnaire. A total of 201 students from Pondicherry University participated in this study.The study used SPSS version 20 to analyze the collected data. Independent Samples t-test and one-way ANOVA tests are used to test the stated hypotheses.Based on these tests results, this study accepted three hypotheses i.e. H2d, H3c and H3d. The findings shows that there is statistically significant difference on region in acquiring cultural heritage knowledge, region in promoting cultural heritage awareness and statistically significant on subject background in promoting cultural heritage awareness (H2d, H3c and H3d) and also found that the influence of region and subject backgrounds have impact on cultural heritage awareness

Reading habits and subjects predilection by mobile readers: A Study

Abstract Purpose - The purpose of this study is to inspect the mobile reading behaviors and readers’ content predilection in Hyderabad city, India and to find out the interrelated problems. Design/methodology/approach - This study used a survey method and questionnaire tool for collecting data. Simple random sampling technique is employed to determine the sample population. SPSS software is used for analyzing data, independent t-test and One-Way ANOVA tests are conducted to test the stated hypotheses. Findings - The findings from t-test results discloses that there is a significant difference concerning males and females in term of reading e-books (t-value = -2.570, p-value = 0.011), particularly stories/novels (t-value = -4.021, p-value = 0.001), and time spent for emails (t-value = -3.394, p-value = 0.001). Also there is a significant difference concerning occupation and in terms of reading online magazines (t-value = -2.181, p-value = 0.033), e-books (t-value = -2.357, p-value = 0.019), stories/novels (t-value = -3.423, p-value = 0.001), and time spent on emails (t-value = -2.151, p-value = 0.032). The ANOVA test results shows that online news has significant difference (F-value = 2.727, p-value = 0.030) in term of age groups and used of e-books (F-value = 4.149, p-value = 0.007), using emails (F-value = 2.807, p-value = .040), movie reviews (F-value = 5.738, p-value = 0.001) and comic strips or jokes (F-value = 5.896, p-value = 0.001) have significant difference in term of their educational qualification(s). Originality/value - This paper help to comprehend the choice of reading a different type of contents based on demographic dissimilarities. Keywords – Reading, Reading habits, Mobile reading habits, Type of contents, Purpose of mobile reading. Paper type – Research pape

In vitro responsiveness of hamster corpora lutea undergoing luteolysis to luteinizing hormone

Corpora lutea removed from pregnant hamster deprived of endogenous luteinizing hormone for varying periods were compared for their responsiveness to externally added luteinizing hormone. The corpora lutea removed on the 8th day of pregnancy exhibited a dose-dependent increase in progesterone production in response to added luteinizing hormone upto a concentration of 2.5 μg/ml. The total progesterone synthesised by the corpora lutea decreased with increase in the duration ofin vivo luteinizing hormone deprivation. However, the hormone deprivation had to be for a minimum period of 24 h before a marked reduction in thein vitro responsiveness could be seen. Neutralisation of endogenous luteinizing hormone increased the luteal cholesterol ester concentration, whilein vitro incubation of such tissue with luteinizing hormone resulted in a marked reduction in cholesterol ester levels. Corpora lutea removed from hamsters on day 8, 15 and 16 of pregnancy when compared for their responsivenessin vitro to added luteinizing hormone showed that the luteal tissue of day 8 produced more progesterone relative to those of day 15/16. In contrast, depletion of free and esterified cholesterol increased with the increase in age of corpora lutea (from 15% on day 8 to 67% on day 16)

Microscopic phenomena and a modern approach to turbulence

The use of an arc driven shock tube as a technique in the study of turbulence and evidence to support a kinetic theory of turbulence are described. Topics covered include: (1) reaction rate distortion in turbulent flow; (2) turbulent bursts in a shock tube; (3) driver gas flow with fluctuations; (4) improving the Mach number capabilities of arc driver shock tubes; and (5) resonant absorption in an argon plasma at thermal equilibrium

Heart rate lowering agents in acute coronary syndrome

Background: Heart rate is a key indicator of cardiovascular mortality, with ACS having the highest mortality risk when heart rate is elevated. With a target heart rate of <70 bpm, it is crucial to evaluate the effects of medications that lowers heart rate. Methods: In this prospective observational study, 45 patients with ACS were studied, and it was determined whether or not the patients' heart rates at discharge from the hospital were within goal range. Additionally, we looked at demographics, drug-related issues, vitals and then statistical tests were performed. Results: The demographic of 45 patients showed mean adult age was 47 years and most observed ACS was STEMI (53.3%). Patients prescribed with HRLA showed lower mean HR, SBP and DBP at discharge. Evaluated Optimal HR ≤70 bpm with HRLA therapy at discharge of the inpatients was achieved in 26.6% (63.5±5.5 bpm). Conclusions: The current study showed HRLA therapy effectively reduced the heart rate at hospital discharge, but despite being on HRLA only 1/4th of patients achieved the optimal heart rate

Studies on the metabolism of nucleic acids and other constituents in the adrenal gland

1. The effect of administration of ACTH on the metabolism of nucleic acid, phosphelipid and protein in the adrenal gland has been studied in the guinea-pig and in the rat. 2. It has been shown that ACTH does not cause Changes in nucleic acid and protein content of the gland until several hours after administration. 3. ACTH causes hypertrophy as evidenced by an increase in RNAP content per cell, and hyperplasia as shown by an increase in DNAP content of the gland. The response in the guinea-pig is more rapid and more pronounced than in the rat. In the guinea-pig increases ranging from 85-110% over the control values are obtainable for RAP by stimulation with Acthar-gel for 3-5 days, or by stimulation with a combination of Acthar-gel and lyophilised ACTH for 24 hours. The increase in MAP amounts to about 30% over the control value. In the rat the maximal increase obtained in RNAP is about 30%, while no measurable increase occurs in DNAP. 4. The suppression of endogenous ACTH by administration of cortisol to the rat is shown to be as effective as hypophysectomy. Such treatment results in rapid and extensive damage to the cortex, as shown by the decrease in nucleic acid content. A similar suppression of endogenous ACTH in the guinea-pig by cortical administration does not cause a severe decline in the nucleic acid content of the gland. The suggestion is made, in order to explain these differences in the two species, that the adrenal in the rat is functioning under greater stimulation of endogenous ACTH, the lack of which causes rapid degeneration, while in the guinea-pig the stimulation by circulating ACTH is comparatively small. 5. Studios on 32P incorporation into RNA indicate that in the rat the increase in RNA content of the adrenal gland under ACTH stimulation is caused by the cessation of REA breakdown, while in the guinea-pig the stimulation causes increased rate of synthesis of RNA, so that AOTH appears to control RNA metabolism in different ways in the two species. 6. Incorporation of 32p into DNA has shown that synthesis of DNA in the adrenal gland of the normal animal is negligible, while ACTH stimulation causes a large increase in incorporation in the guinea-pig and a smaller increase in the rat. 7. The effect of severe ascorbic acid deficiency on adrenal nucleic acid metabolism has been studied in the guinea-pig. It has been shown that the hypertrophy of the gland which occurs in acute scurvy can be prevented by simultaneous administration of cortisol, so that the stress caused by the disease presumably results in enhanced pituitary secretion of ACTH. 8. Dietary changes have been shown to cause significant changes in the LP and the PrN content of the rat adrenal, without change in nucleic acid content and to alter the pattern of 32P incorporation into various fractions of adrenal tissue. A protein-free diet with a high energy intake causes a decrease in LP ones PrN, while an adequate protein diet also providing a high energy intake, causes an increase in LP and PrN. An energy-rich diet decreases the incorporation of 32P into the acid soluble fraction, this decrease being more pronounced when the diet is protein-free. 9. The presence of a tumour in the body produces pronounced changes in the adrenal of the rat, tending to increase the LP and PrN content of the gland without, however, any significant change in the nucleic acid content. There is a marked suppression of incorporation of 32P into the acid soluble fraction of the adrenal. Increased synthesis of DNA is indicated by an increase in the specific activity of the adrenal DNA of rate bearing an infected tumour. 10. The significance of these changes as well as the possible role RNA, DNA and LP in adreno-cortical function is discussed

Chromosomal bar codes produced by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with multiple YAC clones and whole chromosome painting probes

Colored chromosome staining patterns, termed chromosomal ‘bar codes’ (CBCs), were obtained on human chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with pools of Alu-PCR products from YAC dones containing human DNA inserts ranging from 100 kbp to 1 Mbp. In contrast to conventional G- or R-bands, the chromosomal position, extent, Individual color and relative signal intensity of each ‘bar’ could be modified depending on probe selection and labeling procedures. Alu-PCR amplification products were generated from 31 YAC clones which mapped to 37 different chromosome bands. For multiple color FISH, Alu-PCR amplification products from various clones were either biotinylated or labeled with digoxigenin. Probes from up to twenty YAC clones were used simultaneously to produce CBCs on selected human chromosomes. Evaluation using a cooled CCD camera and digital image analysis confirmed the high reproducibility of the bars from one metaphase spread to another. Combinatorial FISH with mixtures of whole chromosome paint probes was applied to paint seven chromosomes simultaneously in different colors along with a set of YAC clones which map to these chromosomes. We discuss the potential to construct analytical chromosomal bar codes adapted to particular needs of cytogenetic investigations and automated image analysis

AUTOMATIC TEXT-INDEPENDENT SPEAKER TRACKING SYSTEM USING FEED-FORWARD NEURAL NETWORKS (FFNN)

ABSTRACT Speaker tracking is the process of following who says something in a given speech signal. In this paper, we propose a new set of robust source features for Automatic Text-Independent speaker tracking system using Feed-forward neural networks (FFNN). LP analysis is used to extract the source information from the speech signal. This source information is speaker specific. In this approach, instead of capturing the distribution of feature vectors correspond to vocal tract system of the speakers, the time varying speaker-specific source characteristics are captured using Linear Prediction (LP) residual signal of the given speech signal. MFCC features are extracted from the source speech signal, which contains prosody and speaker specific information. These source features which are extracted are proven to be robust and insensitive to channel characteristics and noise. In this paper, finally it is proved that speaker tracking system using source features with FFNN outperformed other existing methods. Keywords: LPC, MFCC, Source feature, Speaker tracking. INTRODUCTION Speech is produced from a time varying vocal tract system excited by a time varying excitation sourc