Soil Fertility Assessment, Mapping And Fertilizer Recommendation through Geospatial Approach

Not AvailableFood production in India witnessed an unprecedented increase over the last four decades. It bounced from nearly 71 million tonnes during 1960’s to 247.6 million tonnes during 2010’s. This achievement was mainly the resultant of intensification of agriculture rather than contribution from the marginally increased (135 to 145 m. ha) land over the same period. But in the process, it caused soil exhaustion especially through depleted plant nutrients. Because of imbalanced and inadequate fertilizer use coupled with lower input efficiency, the response (production) efficiency of chemical fertilizer has declined tremendously under intensive agriculture in recent years. Soil characterization in relation to soil fertility status is an important aspect in sustaining agriculture production. However exploitative nature of modern agriculture involving use of high analysis N P K fertilizers coupled with limited use of organic manures and less recycling of crop residues are important factors contributing towards accelerated exhaustion of micronutrients from soil. As seen, deficiency of micronutrients has become a major constraint for productivity, stability and sustainability in many Indian soils.Not Availabl

Suitable Dryland Technologies For Karnataka(Kannada version)

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Rainfed Technologies For Karnataka

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Not AvailableReducing tillage intensity and retaining residues are important components of conservation agriculture but in small holder systems in developing countries where crop residues have alternate uses such as fodder and fuelwood, recycling or external additions of organic matter may be a possible option. Information on impacts of long term reduced tillage on soil carbon, labile organic carbon fractions and their depth distribution is scant in drylands of semi arid regions. The effect of tillage intensity (CT—conventional tillage; RT—reduced tillage and MT—minimum tillage) and sources of nitrogen (100% OS:100% of recommended N through organic source; 50% OS +50%IOS: 50% N through organic source and 50%N through inorganic source and 100% IOS: 100% N through inorganic source) on crop yields, soil organic carbon and C fractions in an Alfisol was assessed at the end of a 10 year long term experiment. Finger millet yields decreased significantly with reduction in tillage intensity (29%). Among N sources, highest yields were recorded with substitution of 50% of the N through organic source. After 10 years, the soil organic carbon (SOC) in 0–20 cm soil layer with MT was 11% higher than with CT. The labile fractions of carbon, viz. particulate organic carbon (POC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and permanganate oxidizable carbon (KMnO -C) under MT were 47%, 16% and 43% higher, respectively, in comparison to CTin the 0–20 cm soil layer. The total carbon (TC) and total organic carbon (TOC) with MT were higher by 28% and 27% over CT and higher by 20% and 20% with 100%OS over 100% IOS. Labile carbon fractions revealed differential sensitivity and POC, MBC and KMnO4 -C are sensitive indicators to detect short term management effects. Reducing tillage intensity and applying various N sources enhanced SOC marginally and the C sequestration rate varied from 62 to 186 kg ha4_1yr_1 . Based on the study it can be recommended for substitution of 50% of the recommended N with organic source as it increases crop yields and soil carbon and could be a potential alternative for residue retention for crops which have fodde value. Reducing the tillage intensity can enhance the SOC in semi arid rainfed systems but lower crop yields under MT is a concern which needs to be addressed in order to make these systems acceptable to the farming community.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableField experiments were conducted with three tillage treatments viz., CT: Conventional tillage (3 ploughings + 3 intercultures), RT: Reduced tillage (2 ploughings + 2 intercultures) and MT: Minimum tillage (one ploughing + one interculture) in combination with three nitrogen levels viz., F1: 100% N (organic), F2: 50% N (organic) + 50% N (inorganic) and F3: 100% N (inorganic) to identify the best management practices for improving soil fertility and sustain yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under semi-arid Alfisols during 2003 to 2011. The results revealed that CTF2 gave significantly higher mean finger millet yield of 2613 kg ha-1 and rainwater use efficiency (RWUE) of 4.48 kg ha mm -1, while CTF1 gave significantly higher pigeonpea yield of 907 kg ha-1 and RWUE of 4.10 kg ha mm-1 over years. Further, CTF2 gave maximum net returns of ` 31639 ha and benefit-cost (B:C) ratio of 3.65 with sustainability yield index (SYI) of 59.0% from finger millet, while CTF1 gave net returns of ` 43801 ha-1 and B:C ratio of 3.26 with SYI of 56.6% from pigeonpea. Based on the effects of tillage and nitrogen on soil parameters observed in 2003 and 2011, there was a decrease in the pH, soil P and organic carbon, while there was an increase in the electrical conductivity, soil N and K. Application of N through organics or as combination of organics and inorganics, maintained maximum soil fertility compared to inorganic N alone. We conclude that CT + 50% N (organic) + 50% N (inorganic) for finger millet and CT + 100% N (organic) for pigeonpea under rotation are efficient for attaining maximum yield, RWUE, monetary returns and SYI in semi-arid Alfisols.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableField experiments were conducted with three tillage treatments viz., CT: Conventional tillage (3 ploughings + 3 intercultures), RT: Reduced tillage (2 ploughings + 2 intercultures) and MT: Minimum tillage (one ploughing + one interculture) in combination with three nitrogen levels viz., F1: 100% N (organic), F2: 50% N (organic) + 50% N (inorganic) and F3: 100% N (inorganic) to identify the best management practices for improving soil fertility and sustain yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under semi-arid Alfisols during 2003 to 2011. The results revealed that CTF2 gave significantly higher mean finger -millet yield of 2613 kg ha-1 and rainwater use efficiency (RWUE) of 4.48 kg ha mm , -1 while CTF1 gave significantly higher pigeonpea yield of 907 kg ha-1 and RWUE of 4.10 kg ha mm over years. Further, CTF2 gave maximum net returns of ` 31639 ha-1 and benefit-cost (B:C) ratio of 3.65 with sustainability yield index (SYI) of 59.0% from finger millet, while CTF1 gave net returns of ` 43801 ha -1 and B:C ratio of 3.26 with SYI of 56.6% from pigeonpea. Based on the effects of tillage and nitrogen on soil parameters observed in 2003 and 2011, there was a decrease in the pH, soil P and organic carbon, while there was an increase in the electrical conductivity, soil N and K. Application of N through organics or as combination of organics and inorganics, maintained maximum soil fertility compared to inorganic N alone. We conclude that CT + 50% N (organic) + 50% N (inorganic) for finger millet and CT + 100% N (organic) for pigeonpea under rotation are efficient for attaining maximum yield, RWUE, monetary returns and SYI in semi-arid Alfisols.Not Availabl