Low Carbon Mobility Plans: A Case Study of Ludhiana, India

AbstractTransportation is one of the driving forces of any economy. The reliance on petroleum as a fuel is a main source of concern. The major share of transport sector in petroleum has many consequences. India is the world's 4th largest emitter, responsible for ∼5% of the world's carbon emissions, the major contribution of this emission is from transport sector.In this study a low carbon mobility options for Ludhiana city as a case study is presented. In order to understand the impact of these options a stated preference survey is carried out. The shift to low carbon modes (bicycles, walk and public transport) is quantified. Shifts from petroleum driven vehicles to electric is also discussed. The projection to the future the per capita emissions of each of the scenarios: Scenario 1: Lanes for bus, bicycle and walk, Scenario 2: Scenario 1 plus improved buses, Scenario 3: Scenario 2 +policy against cars, Scenario 4: Electric vehicles (electric equivalents of two-wheelers and cars). It is found from the study that the emissions are least for scenario 3 (when there are parking policies imposed against cars in addition to improved transit policy and buses along with independent lanes for buses, and dedicated paths cycling and walkin

Optimization of Work Zone Segments on Urban Roads Using Cellular Automata Model in Mixed Traffic

Increased delays and reduced speeds in work zones leads to congestion. This can be improved by optimizing the work zone length. The focus of this study is to model work zones using cellular automata model and to find the effects of work zones on traffic flow. The methodology adopted in the study involved creating work-zone on the road by blocking some of the cells and then determining traffic characteristics such as delay and queue lengths for model validation. For this the lateral movement rules of the existing Cellular Automata model were modified in order to replicate the traffic movement near work zones. This model is calibrated and validated using data from work zone observed near a metro rail station in Delhi. From the analysis it was evident that the queue length increased with increase in the length of work zone. Several relationships were tried between delay and work zone length. Among them the rational form was found suitable

Investigation of ultrasonic velocities in liquids by a new method

The principle and the experimental details of the new method of determining ultrasonic velocities in transparent liquids along with a brief description of the crystal holder designed to suit this method are given. Ultrasonic velocities determined for about ten common liquids are tabulated along with those obtained previously by different methods. The main features of this method are briefly discussed

Comparison of Numerical Schemes for LWR Model under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions

First order macroscopic model like Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) has been extensively studied and applied for various homogeneous traffic problems. Applicability and adaptability of LWR models to various heterogeneous traffic conditions is still under exploration. Finding solutions for the macroscopic models using analytical methods is a complicated task, numerical approximations are used. The present study attempts to understand the suitability of different numerical schemes for a traffic conditions in detail. Various first order and second order numerical schemes were chosen for numerical integration. Derivation of the numerical scheme, several important issues like accuracy, stability and convergence of each scheme were discussed. Simulated variables like flow, density and speeds were compared with the original data collected from the two different urban arterials with and without bottlenecks in Delhi, India. The comparison of the results of various numerical schemes shows that Lax-Friedrichs and MacCormack schemes produced better results and more stable than the other schemes