Students service learning experiencies in Mexican Microenterprises

[EN] This paper presents an experience of a service learning program in underprivileged Microenterprises. It shares the experience of Program for Research, Assistance and Teaching of Small Enterprises, an innovative model of assistance to deliver Business Development Services to low value added Microenterprises, including technical assistance and training with the participation of senior students, which act as advisers to the Microenterprises, implemented in the State of Baja California, Mexico, by The Autonomous University of Baja California. This program was propused as compensatory mechanism for the unemployment burden created by the low growth prospects. From 2009 to 2016, with about 1,500 students, the program has assisted, trained, and formalized in the tax institution about 11,300 individuals running microenterprises, which in addition, most of them have become subject to and has been given financial support by the goverment. The paper suggests that service learning programs with the participation of college students can play an important role both in supporting disadvantaged microenterprises and in providing meaningful learning experiences to students.Mungaray-Lagarda, A.; Ramírez-Angulo, N.; Osorio-Novela, G. (2017). Students service learning experiencies in Mexican Microenterprises. En Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 784-792. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD17.2017.5419OCS78479

Hábitos de Consumo de las Tecnologías de Información en los Estudiantes Universitarios de Tijuana

Mediante la aplicación del análisis discriminante se analizan los hábitos de uso y consumo de las más representativas tecnologías de información de los universitarios de Tijuana. Se encuentra que la penetración y el gasto en tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) dependen del nivel de ingresos y el sexo de los usuarios. Esta última característica también determina los atributos más valorados al adquirir un teléfono celular. La satisfacción en el servicio y la percepción sobre la competencia en el mercado se relacionan con el nivel imagen corporativa de la empresa a la que se está afiliado. Asimismo, quienes tienen mayor conocimiento tecnológico incrementan su disposición a gastar en este tipo de tecnologías. Por último, el contar con Internet en casa parece ser crucial para fomentar la compra vía electrónica

Microemprendimientos como instrumento de combate a la pobreza: una evaluación social para el caso mexicano

En este trabajo se ubica a las microempresas marginadas en el marco de los indicadores de pobreza y vulnerabilidad en México y se determina su Valor Actual Neto Social como aproximación a la forma adecuada de medir su rentabilidad. Los resultados permiten aceptar la hipótesis de rentabilidad social positiva para estos proyectos; además, la evidencia muestra que su estado de vulnerabilidad es menor una vez que son apoyadas. Se concluye que es pertinente la decisión del Gobierno de apoyarlas con financiamiento y capacitación, entre otras razones porque ello ayuda a paliar la condición de pobreza de aquellos que las generan, aunque no siempre consiguen alcanzar el nivel de ingreso que se esperaría de un mercado de trabajo competitivo

Una explicación de la conducta competitiva de las microempresas de subsistencia: evidencia para México

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir dois elementos para a análise do setor microempresarial: a necessidade de repensar o enquadramento teórico de referência para representar seu comportamento de concorrência e a pertinência de diferenciá-lo segundo sua natureza, localização e objetivos. Para isso, utiliza-se uma metodologia a partir de contrastes entre evidências empíricas e pressupostos essenciais da teoria da organização industrial, bem como a aplicação de instrumentos de medida do grau de concorrência estratégica e classificação microempresarial com base num modelo logístico de escolha discreta. Dessa forma, chegam-se a resultados que sugerem que o desempenho competitivo de um subsetor importante das microempresas possa ser associado com modelos de concorrência imperfeita, dando diretrizes para sua pertinente análise.El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir dos elementos para el análisis del sector microempresarial: la necesidad de replantear el marco teórico de referencia para representar su comportamiento competitivo y la pertinencia de diferenciarlas según su naturaleza, localización y objetivos. Para ello se utiliza una metodología a partir de contrastes entre evidencias empíricas y supuestos esenciales de la teoría de la organización industrial, así como la aplicación de instrumentos de medida del grado de competencia estratégica y clasificación microempresarial con base en un modelo de elección discreta logístico. De esta forma, se recaban resultados que sugieren que el desempeño competitivo de un subsector importante de las microempresas puede ser asociado a modelos de competencia imperfecta, dando pautas para su pertinente análisis

Conformación de la expectativa de formalización de la microempresa marginada en méxico

Con información de 3.565 promotores de micronegocios marginados e informales quehan sido apoyados por el Centro de Investigación, Asistencia y Docencia para la Micro y Pequeña Empresa(México), se analizan las motivaciones y perspectivas relacionadas con el emprendimiento, conel objetivo de conocer si estas podrían vincularse a la posibilidad de formalización. Se encuentra queel deseo de ser financiado, el tener como meta actual la expansión del negocio, percibir potencial demercado o el pretender ser su propio jefe, favorecen sensiblemente la formalización. Claramente nofavorece la formalización el no pretender ser financiado y el tener como meta empresarial únicamentela permanencia como estrategia. La competencia percibida no resulto relevante para incentivar ono la formalización. Fortalecer las competencias del capital humano que busque perfeccionar laformación empresarial es posiblemente el elemento que de forma más directa puede ser incluido enlas políticas públicas, y uno de los que tiene un mayor efecto en la formalización

Uma explicação do comportamento de concorrência das microempresas de subsistência: evidência para o México

The objective of this paper is to discuss two elements necessary when analyzing the microenterprise sector: the need to rethink the theoretical frame of reference to represent its competitive behavior; and the relevance of differentiating them according to their nature, location and objectives. The methodology is based on contrasting empirical evidences and essential assumptions made by the industrial organization theory, as well as applying measuring instruments for the degree of strategic competence and microenterprise classification, based on a discrete logistic choice model. Results suggest that the competitive performance of an important subsector of microenterprises can be associated with models of imperfect competition, giving guidelines for their pertinent analysis.El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir dos elementos para el análisis del sector microempresarial: la necesidad de replantear el marco teórico de referencia para representar su comportamiento competitivo y la pertinencia de diferenciarlas según su naturaleza, localización y objetivos. Para ello se utiliza una metodología a partir de contrastes entre evidencias empíricas y supuestos esenciales de la teoría de la organización industrial, así como la aplicación de instrumentos de medida del grado de competencia estratégica y clasificación microempresarial con base en un modelo de elección discreta logístico. De esta forma, se recaban resultados que sugieren que el desempeño competitivo de un subsector importante de las microempresas puede ser asociado a modelos de competencia imperfecta, dando pautas para su pertinente análisis.O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir dois elementos para a análise do setor microempresarial: a necessidade de repensar o enquadramento teórico de referência para representar seu comportamento de concorrência e a pertinência de diferenciá-lo segundo sua natureza, localização e objetivos. Para isso, utiliza-se uma metodologia a partir de contrastes entre evidências empíricas e pressupostos essenciais da teoria da organização industrial, bem como a aplicação de instrumentos de medida do grau de concorrência estratégica e classificação microempresarial com base num modelo logístico de escolha discreta. Dessa forma, chegam-se a resultados que sugerem que o desempenho competitivo de um subsetor importante das microempresas possa ser associado com modelos de concorrência imperfeita, dando diretrizes para sua pertinente análise

Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.Additional co-authors: Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Francoise Yoko Ishida, Andrew Marshall, Catherine Waite, Hannsjoerg Woell, Jean-Francois Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Pfascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Charles De Canniere, Thales de Haulleville, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Wannes Hubau, Elizabeth Kearsley, Hans Verbeeck, Jason Vleminckx, Steven W. Brewer, Alfredo Alarcón, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Ezequiel Chavez, Todd Fredericksen, René Guillén Villaroel, Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty, Timothy Killeen, Juan Carlos Licona, John Lleigue, Casimiro Mendoza, Samaria Murakami, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, Lourens Poorter, Marisol Toledo, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Laura Jessica Viscarra, Vincent Vos, Jorge Ahumada, Everton Almeida, Jarcilene Almeida, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Wesley Alves da Cruz, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Flávio Amorim Obermuller, Ana Andrade, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Ana Carla Aquino, Luiz Aragão, Ana Claudia Araújo, Marco Antonio Assis, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes, Fabrício Baccaro, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Paulo Barni, Jorcely Barroso, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Kauane Bordin, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Igor Broggio, José Luís Camargo, Domingos Cardoso, Maria Antonia Carniello, Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle, Carolina Castilho, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro, Wendeson Castro, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Flávia Costa, Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira, Italo Coutinho, John Cunha, Lola da Costa, Lucia da Costa Ferreira, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Vitor de Andrade Kamimura, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Lia de Oliveira Melo, Luciano de Queiroz, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, Mário do Espírito Santo, Tomas Domingues, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro, Fernando Elias, Gabriel Eliseu, Thaise Emilio, Camila Laís Farrapo, Letícia Fernandes, Gustavo Ferreira, Joice Ferreira, Leandro Ferreira, Socorro Ferreira, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Queila S. García, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Paulo Graça, Frederico Guilherme, Eduardo Hase, Niro Higuchi, Mariana Iguatemy, Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa, Margarita Jaramillo, Carlos Joly, Joice Klipel, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carolina Levis, Antonio S. Lima, Maurício Lima Dan, Aline Lopes, Herison Madeiros, William E. Magnusson, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Roberta Marotti Martelletti Grillo, Luiz Martinelli, Simone Matias Reis, Salomão Medeiros, Milton Meira-Junior, Thiago Metzker, Paulo Morandi, Natanael Moreira do Nascimento, Magna Moura, Sandra Cristina Müller, Laszlo Nagy, Henrique Nascimento, Marcelo Nascimento, Adriano Nogueira Lima, Raimunda Oliveira de Araújo, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Marcelo Pansonato, Gabriel Pavan Sabino, Karla Maria Pedra de Abreu, Pablo José Francisco Pena Rodrigues, Maria Piedade, Domingos Rodrigues, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Carlos Quesada, Eliana Ramos, Rafael Ramos, Priscyla Rodrigues, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Rafael Salomão, Flávia Santana, Marcos Scaranello, Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin, Juliana Schietti, Jochen Schöngart, Gustavo Schwartz, Natalino Silva, Marcos Silveira, Cristiana Simão Seixas, Marta Simbine, Ana Claudia Souza, Priscila Souza, Rodolfo Souza, Tereza Sposito, Edson Stefani Junior, Julio Daniel do Vale, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Dora Villela, Marcos Vital, Haron Xaud, Katia Zanini, Charles Eugene Zartman, Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris, Faizah binti Hj Metali, Kamariah Abu Salim, Muhd Shahruney Saparudin, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Serge Begne, George Chuyong, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Christelle Gonmadje, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Hermann Taedoumg, Lise Zemagho, Sean Thomas, Fidèle Baya, Gustavo Saiz, Javier Silva Espejo, Dexiang Chen, Alan Hamilton, Yide Li, Tushou Luo, Shukui Niu, Han Xu, Zhang Zhou, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Juan Carlos Andrés Escobar, Henry Arellano-Peña, Jaime Cabezas Duarte, Jhon Calderón, Lina Maria Corrales Bravo, Borish Cuadrado, Hermes Cuadros, Alvaro Duque, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Sandra Milena Espinosa, Rebeca Franke-Ante, Hernando García, Alejandro Gómez, Roy González-M., Álvaro Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Eliana Jimenez, Rubén Jurado, Wilmar López Oviedo, René López-Camacho, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Irina Mendoza Polo, Edwin Paky, Karen Pérez, Angel Pijachi, Camila Pizano, Adriana Prieto, Laura Ramos, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, James Richardson, Elkin Rodríguez, Gina M. Rodriguez M., Agustín Rudas, Pablo Stevenson, Markéta Chudomelová, Martin Dancak, Radim Hédl, Stanislav Lhota, Martin Svatek, Jacques Mukinzi, Corneille Ewango, Terese Hart, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Janvier Lisingo, Jean-Remy Makana, Faustin Mbayu, Benjamin Toirambe, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Lars Kvist, Gustav Nebel, Selene Báez, Carlos Céron, Daniel M. Griffith, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, David Neill, Walter Palacios, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Gorky Villa, Sheleme Demissie, Tadesse Gole, Techane Gonfa, Kalle Ruokolainen, Michel Baisie, Fabrice Bénédet, Wemo Betian, Vincent Bezard, Damien Bonal, Jerôme Chave, Vincent Droissart, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Annette Hladik, Nicolas Labrière, Pétrus Naisso, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Plinio Sist, Lilian Blanc, Benoit Burban, Géraldine Derroire, Aurélie Dourdain, Clement Stahl, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Eric Chezeaux, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Vincent Medjibe, Vianet Mihindou, Lee White, Heike Culmsee, Cristabel Durán Rangel, Viviana Horna, Florian Wittmann, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ernest Foli, Michael Balinga, Anand Roopsind, James Singh, Raquel Thomas, Roderick Zagt, Indu K. Murthy, Kuswata Kartawinata, Edi Mirmanto, Hari Priyadi, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Terry Sunderland, Ishak Yassir, Francesco Rovero, Barbara Vinceti, Bruno Hérault, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Kanehiro Kitayama, Armandu Daniels, Darlington Tuagben, John T. Woods, Muhammad Fitriadi, Alexander Karolus, Kho Lip Khoon, Noreen Majalap, Colin Maycock, Reuben Nilus, Sylvester Tan, Almeida Sitoe, Indiana Coronado G., Lucas Ojo, Rafael de Assis, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Douglas Sheil, Karen Arévalo Pezo, Hans Buttgenbach Verde, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jimmy Cesar Cordova Oroche, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Jano de Rutte Corzo, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Luis Freitas, Darcy Galiano Cabrera, Roosevelt García Villacorta, Karina Garcia Cabrera, Diego García Soria, Leticia Gatica Saboya, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Eurídice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Yuri Tomas Huillca Aedo, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanesa Moreano Rodriguez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Sonia Cesarina Palacios Ramos, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Antonio Peña Cruz, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, José Reyna Huaymacari, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Marcos Antonio Ríos Paredes, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Rocio del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Maria Elena Rojas Peña, Norma Salinas Revilla, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Raul Tupayachi Trujillo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Jim Vega Arenas, Christian Amani, Suspense Averti Ifo, Yannick Bocko, Patrick Boundja, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Mireille Hockemba, Donatien Nzala, Alusine Fofanah, David Taylor, Guillermo Bañares-de Dios, Luis Cayuela, Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Manuel Macía, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Verginia Wortel, Toby Gardner, Robert Muscarella, Hari Priyadi, Ervan Rutishauser, Kuo-Jung Chao, Pantaleo Munishi, Olaf Bánki, Frans Bongers, Rene Boot, Gabriella Fredriksson, Jan Reitsma, Hans ter Steege, Tinde van Andel, Peter van de Meer, Peter van der Hout, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Bert van Ulft, Elmar Veenendaal, Ronald Vernimmen, Pieter Zuidema, Joeri Zwerts, Perpetra Akite, Robert Bitariho, Colin Chapman, Eilu Gerald, Miguel Leal, Patrick Mucunguzi, Miguel Alexiades, Timothy R. Baker, Karina Banda, Lindsay Banin, Jos Barlow, Amy Bennett, Erika Berenguer, Nicholas Berry, Neil M. Bird, George A. Blackburn, Francis Brearley, Roel Brienen, David Burslem, Lidiany Carvalho, Percival Cho, Fernanda Coelho, Murray Collins, David Coomes, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Greta Dargie, Kyle Dexter, Mat Disney, Freddie Draper, Muying Duan, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Robert Ewers, Belen Fadrique, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Filipe França, David Galbraith, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, John Grace, Keith Hamer, David Harris, Tommaso Jucker, Michelle Kalamandeen, Bente Klitgaard, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Jeremy Lindsell, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Jon Lovett, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Emma McIntosh, Karina Melgaço, William Milliken, Edward Mitchard, Peter Moonlight, Sam Moore, Alexandra Morel, Julie Peacock, Kelvin Peh, Colin Pendry, R. Toby Pennington, Luciana de Oliveira Pereira, Carlos Peres, Oliver L. Phillips, Georgia Pickavance, Thomas Pugh, Lan Qie, Terhi Riutta, Katherine Roucoux, Casey Ryan, Tiina Sarkinen, Camila Silva Valeria, Dominick Spracklen, Suzanne Stas, Martin Sullivan, Michael Swaine, Joey Talbot, James Taplin, Geertje van der Heijden, Laura Vedovato, Simon Willcock, Mathew Williams, Luciana Alves, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Gabriel Arellano, Cheryl Asa, Peter Ashton, Gregory Asner, Terry Brncic, Foster Brown, Robyn Burnham, Connie Clark, James Comiskey, Gabriel Damasco, Stuart Davies, Tony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, William Farfan-Rios, Jefferson Hall, David Kenfack, Thomas Lovejoy, Roberta Martin, Olga Martha Montiel, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, John Poulsen, Richard Primack, Miles Silman, Marc Steininger, Varun Swamy, John Terborgh, Duncan Thomas, Peter Umunay, Maria Uriarte, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth Young, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Lionel Hernández, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Pedro Salcedo, Elio Sanoja, Julio Serrano, Armando Torres-Lezama, Tinh Cong Le, Trai Trong Le, Hieu Dang Tra

Subcontratación en microempresas y pequeñas empresas de Baja California

Este artículo demuestra que la subcontratación es un elemento fundamental para incrementar la competitividad de las microempresas y pequeñas empresas cuando favorece dos condiciones: 1) la generación de mayor valor agregado en sus productos, y 2) la capitalización de sus ganancias en un mayor nivel de inversión (subcontratación activa). Asimismo, aplicando un ejercicio de teoría de juegos, se discute un modelo conceptual sobre el proceso mediante el cual los beneficios se transforman en ingresos a través de una relación de subcontratación

Conformation of marginalized micro companies in Mexico’s northern border

Using some methods of multivariate analysis, particularly the cluster and discriminate analysis, we study 174 microcompanies and/or microbusiness mainly dedicated to the elaboration of foods and drinks. They belong to the marginalized segment of entrepreneurs in the Mexican border state of Baja California. We wanted to know how they behave and what the variables that define this behavior are. The results show a differentiated behavior among entrepreneurs depending on variables as age, familiar condition, education and geographic zone of origin. Nevertheless, we must emphasize the relevance of education in the quality of the management of the company as well as a signal in the market that bring up confidence to suppliers and clients. On the other hand, we corroborate that microcredits could help to improve the efficiency of many of these microcompanies and/or microbusiness under certain circumstances

Learning in Baja California micro-enterprises

Mexico’s business structure has been characterized by the presence of microenterprises, particularly those averaging two workers, representing 65% of establishments in 2008 and 18% of employment. This makes them important for equity and welfare improvement of their members. This paper analyzes the performance of a group of 227 microenterprises in the state of Baja California, by the use of a practical application of the concept of learning curve arranged to incorporate returns to scale. The results indicate that in 48% of cases there is evidence of learning processes and 58% exhibited increasing returns to scale. This allows evaluating the development potential of these microenterprises and the design and implementation of proactive programs that encourage their learning and consolidation in the market