NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Histologia hepática e produção em tanques-rede de tilápia-do-nilo masculinizada hormonalmente ou não masculinizada

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e a sanidade da estrutura hepática de tilápia-do-nilo, masculinizada hormonalmente ou não masculinizada, criada em tanques-rede com dois níveis proteicos. Tilápias-do-nilo da linhagem Tailandesa (total de 2.400), com peso médio inicial de 127 g, foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, em arranjo fatorial 2×2, correspondente aos grupos de tilápias masculinizadas hormonalmente ou não masculinizadas e ao teor proteico na dieta de 28 ou 32% de proteína bruta, com três repetições. Após 115 dias de alimentação, não houve interação entre os fatores quanto a peso final, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, comprimento final e sobrevivência. Não houve diferença entre os peixes masculinizados hormonalmente e os não masculinizados, quanto a peso final, ganho de peso e sobrevivência, o que mostra a possibilidade de sua produção em tanques-rede, sem a necessidade de masculinização hormonal. A proteína bruta a 32% na dieta possibita melhor desempenho para ambos os grupos. Alterações histológicas no fígado - como o incremento do volume das células, o desarranjo da disposição cordonal e o aumento de vesículas nos hepatócitos - são encontradas nos peixes masculinizados hormonalmente e são mais acentuadas nos peixes alimentados com 32% de proteína bruta na dieta

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020.

Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3–5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd