Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Anxiolytic activity of Alcoholic Extract of Withania somnifera (L) Dunal Roots

The roots of Withania somnifera (L) Dunal (W. somnifera) are used extensively in Ayurveda, the classical Indian system of medicine, and W. somnifera is categorized as a rasayana, which are used to promote physical and mental health, to provide defense against disease and adverse environmental factors and to arrest the aging process. W. somnifera has been used to stabilize mood in patients with behavioural disturbances. The objective of this study was to investigate pharmacognostical, phytochemical features and anxiolytic activity of alcoholic extracts of W. somnifera roots. The various pharmacognostical variables were assessed using generally accepted techniques with certain variations. An established test technique that is documented in the literature was used to determine the qualitative analysis of different phytochemical elements. The anxiolytic efficacy of the alcoholic extract of W. somnifera roots in mice was evaluated using the elevated plus maze test (EPMT), light and dark test (L and DT), and open field test (OFT). Extract dosages of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg were compared to the recommended dosage of diazepam (1 mg/kg) to determine its efficacy. Alcoholic extract underwent phytochemical examination, which identified the presence of fixed oils, lipids, proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, tannins, and phenolics. The percentage of time spent and the number of entries in the open arm in EPMT were both considerably enhanced by the alcoholic extract of W. somnifera roots (250, 500, 750mg/kg, p.o.). The extract significantly increased time spent, the frequency of crossings, and decreased the length of immobility in the light box in L and DT. The extract in OFT significantly increased the number of rearings, increased ambulation, and decreased self-grooming and faecal dropping all signs of exploratory behaviour. The findings of the current investigation provide scientific support for the traditional use of W. somnifera by indicating that an alcoholic extract of its roots may have anxiolytic properties. Keywords: Anxiolytic, Withania somnifera (L) Dunal, Elevated plus maze, Open field test, Light and dark tes

Formulation Development and Evaluation of New Polyherbal Gel Formulations for Their Wound Healing Activity in Rat

Synoptic studies on natural products have been conducted as a result of the lack of a potential remedy and associated flaw in allopathic medicines, as these items have been found to be less harmful and more affordable. The identification and assessment of therapeutic potential in pharmaceuticals led to the development of novel, affordable medications for the treatment of a variety of ailments, including chronic wounds. To determine if plant extracts can effectively cure wounds, in-vitro cell scratch testing is a practical and affordable method. Traditional herbal remedies for treating wounds include Azadirachta indica (A. indica) and Aloe barbadensis miller (Aloe vera, A. vera). The goal of the current study was to assess the ability of a polyherbal formulation (A. vera and A. indica) to promote wound healing in Wistar albino rats utilising excision, incision, and dead space wound models. A. vera and A. indica extracts were used in varied concentrations to create formulations PHF1 through PHF5. Utilising criteria like physical appearance, pH, extrudability, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, grittiness, and stability study, the generated polyherbal gel formulation was assessed. On days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 21, as well as day 24, wound healing was observed along with the percentage of wound contraction, epithelialization period, hydroxyproline content, tensile strength, granuloma weight, and protein content (dead space wound models). In an excision wound model, polyherbal gel PHF4 demonstrated percent wound contraction in 12 days, and Groups II and IV saw considerably (P 0.01) shorter epithelialization times. In incision wound models, the animal group treated with polyherbal gel PHF4 demonstrated significantly higher levels of hydroxyproline than all other formulations as well as significantly higher tensile strength. PHF4 demonstrated the best efficacy in dead space wound models compared to other extracts and was significantly different from the treatment group in terms of granuloma weight and protein content. It can be said that poly herbal formulations have wound healing properties, possibly as a result of their epithelization, supporting the traditional assertion that they can be used to treat many human wound types

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES Formulation and evaluation of aceclofenac fast dissolving tablets

Abstract The present investigation deals with development of fast dissolving tablets of aceclofenac to produce the intended benefits. Fast dissolving tablets of aceclofenac were prepared using superdisintegrants crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate and surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate, using the direct compression method. The tablets prepared were evaluated for thickness, uniformity of weight, hardness, friab ility, wetting time, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution time. The tablets disintegrated within 18 to 49 seconds. Almost 90% of drug was released from all formulat ions within 15 min. Stability studies of the tablets at 40±2°/75%±5% RH for 3 months showed non significant drug loss. The formulation containing 6% of croscarmellose sodium was found to give the best results. Apart from fulfilling all official and other specifications, the tablets exhib ited higher rate of release

Design, development and permeation studies of nebivolol hydrochloride from novel matrix type transdermal patches

Background : Nebivolol hydrochloride is a third generation β-blocker with highly selective β1 -receptor antagonist with antihypertensive properties having plasma half life of 10 h and 12% oral bioavailability. The aim of the present investigation was to form matrix type transdermal patches containing Nebivolol hydrochloride to avoid its extensive hepatic first pass metabolism, lesser side effect and increase bioavailability of drug. Materials and Methods: Matrix type transdermal patches containing Nebivolol hydrochloride were prepared using EudragitRS100, HPMC K100M (2:8) polymers by solvent evaporation technique. Aluminum foil was used as a backing membrane. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 was used as plasticizer and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a penetration enhancer. Drug polymer interactions determined by FTIR and standard calibration curve of Nebivolol hydrochloride were determined by using UV estimation. Result : The systems were evaluated physicochemical parameters and drug present in the patches was determined by scanning electron microscopy. All prepared formulations indicated good physical stability. In vitro drug permeation studies of formulations were performed by using Franz diffusion cells using abdomen skin of Wistar albino rat. Result showed best in vitro skin permeation through rat skin as compared to all other formulations prepared with hydrophilic polymer containing permeation enhancer. Conclusions: It was observed that the formulation containing HPMC: EudragitRS100 (8:2) showed ideal higuchi release kinetics. On the basis of in vitro drug release through skin permeation performance, Formulation F1 was found to be better than other formulations and it was selected as the optimized formulation