Feto-maternal outcome in grand multipara

Background: Grand multiparity has been considered as obstetric hazards both to the mother and foetus and thus, viewed with great caution. In present set up grand multiparity is associated with increased likelihood of feto-maternal complications.Methods: The study was conducted to determine the feto-maternal outcome in grand multipara pregnancy.Results: In present study, the prevalence of grand multipara was 0.72% out of 15196 deliveries in the period from September 2010 to august 2012. 79.1% of the grand multipara women belonged to the age group of 31-40 years. A majority of the women were in Para 5. Most of the women had no antenatal care attendance. The highest prevalence of grand multipara women was seen among Muslim community (1.65%). A majority (59.1%) of the women were anemic. Caesarean section rate was 30.0% in our study. Post-partum hemorrhage was the most common complication encountered. 7.0% were macrosomic babies, whereas 8.7% were LBW babies. There were 10 perinatal deaths, birth asphyxia being the most important cause for the perinatal mortality. There were no maternal deaths.Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that, there is increase in antenatal and intra-partum maternal complications like anaemia, hypertensive disorder, preterm labour, increase in the rate of caesarean section, PPH etc., leading to severe maternal morbidity. So, the study concludes that in grand multipara pregnancy, both the woman and the fetus are at a greater risk during pregnancy and labour. This risk can be effectively reduced with good antenatal care and delivery by trained personnel

Unilateral pulmonary agenesis in a child with recurrent respiratory tract infections

Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly defined as complete absence of lung parenchyma with its bronchial tree and vasculature. It usually presents in early childhood and may be associated with other congenital abnormalities. Chest X-ray gives a suspicion of this condition which can be further confirmed by computed tomography scan of thorax. Oher investigations like echocardiography and ultrasonography of whole abdomen must be done to rule out associated congenital anomalies. We describe here a case of one month old male who presented with cough and shortness of breath. Chest X-ray showed right sided homogenous opacity which on contrast enhanced computed tomography revealed right sided pulmonary agenesis. Echocardiography showed situs solitus with dextroposition of heart. The child was treated with intravenous antibiotics, moist oxygen and nebulisation with bronchodilators following which there was clinical resolution of symptoms. In conclusion, congenital pulmonary agenesis should be included in the differential diagnosis in a child presenting with dyspnoea and homogenous opacity of unilateral lung field in Chest X-ray for early diagnosis, management and prevention of recurrent respiratory infections and consequently to reduce childhood mortality

Determination of Volume of Capacitor Bank for Static VAR Compensator

In high voltage AC system, the system voltage and frequency change rapidly with the variation of load. The reactive power also changes with the variation of load which affects the system voltage therefore it is necessary to analyze the power system in order to determine system parameters and its variation under various load conditions. The capacitor bank size is determined by calculating existing reactive power and required reactive power in system for Static VAR Compensator (SVC) is focused in this paper. Base case load flow is used to analysis power system. After identifying low voltage buses, arbitrary caciptor back is imposed in bueses and results are checked whether it is met or not in the system demand level. Here MATLAB coding is used to find the low voltage affected bus and automated calculation of capacitor back size is done by MATLAB also. The proposed method of identification of low voltage buses and determination of capacitor bank are faster and easier than the conventional method.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i4.580

A cognitive approach for evaluating the usability of Storage as a Service in Cloud Computing Environment

Cloud computing is a style of computing which thrives users requirements by delivering scalable, on-demand and pay-per-use IT services. It offers different service models, out of which Storage as a Service (StaaS) is the fundamental block of Infrastructure cloud that fulfills user’s excess demand of elastic computing resources.  But considering the competitive business scenario choosing the best cloud storage provider is a difficult task. Thus, usability is considered to be the key performance indicator which evaluates the better cloud storage based on user’s satisfaction. This paper aims to focus on the usability evaluation of StaaS providers namely Google drive, Drop box and One drive. This paper proposed a fuzzy based AHP model for measuring user satisfaction. Usability evaluation is carried out based on user feedback through Interview and Questionnaire method. Analysis of user feedback is done based on the fuzzy approach in order to remove vaguness. Whereas, AHP model is used for measuring satisfaction degree of the different cloud storage services and it solves the problem of selecting best cloud storage

A quantitative approach to evaluate usability of academic websites based on human perception

AbstractIn this competitive world, websites are considered to be a key aspect of any organization’s competitiveness. In addition to visual esthetics, usability of a website is a strong determinant for user’s satisfaction and pleasure. However, lack of appropriate techniques and attributes for measuring usability may constrain the usefulness of a website. To address this issue, we conduct a statistical study to evaluate the usability and accessibility levels of three popular academic websites based on human (user) perception. Two types of usability evaluation techniques were employed in this study. First one is Questionnaire-based evaluation and second one is performance-based evaluation. Usability assessment was performed by analyzing the results from the observed task success rates, task completion times, post-task satisfaction ratings and feedback. We also investigate the possibility of there being any impact of task completion times on participant’s satisfaction levels. The results of the questionnaire based evaluation were observed to be consistent with the results of performance-based evaluation. Accessibility evaluation was carried out by testing the degree of compliance of the web pages as per WCAG 2.0 guidelines

Biosorption of Acid dye by Jackfruit Leaf Powder: Isotherm, kinetics and Response surface methodology studies

A green adsorbent derived from Jackfruit leaf powder (JLP) was used to eliminate Acid Yellow 99 (AY 99) dye from an aqueous medium in this study. We checked the effect of pH, biomass dosage, and temperature (process parameters) on the adsorption potential of AY 99 was explored using the CCD model integrating the RSM approach. At a pH of 2.5, biosorbent dosage of 4 gL-1, and a 30°C temperature, maximum removal was preferred. ANOVA was incorporated to observe the importance of experimental variables and their interactions. The solution pH (A) and biomass dose (C) had the greatest effects on the decolorization of AY 99, according to the findings. ANOVA was used to identify the most important factors, which included two independent variables (A and C) and two quadratic model terms (A2 and C2). The kinetic data were effectively interpreted using a pseudo 2nd order with film diffusion model combination, indicating the chemisorptions phenomenon. Following the model of Langmuir isotherm, the utmost capacity for adsorption was determined to be 418.15 mg g-1 in terms of initial dye concentration. The findings of the maximum adsorption capacity showed that JLP could be employed as a useful adsorbent to eliminate AY 99 from its aqueous medium

Single cell fertilizer (SCF): Evidence to prove that bio-molecules are potent nutrient for plant growth

Fertilizers of various kinds are used for the cultivation of crop plants for hyper production of plant based food materials. The study used bio-molecules made in a bacterial cell. The experimental results showed tremendous effect on plant growth. These cellular molecules were made by treating the bacterial cells with lysozyme and protenase K. The wet/weight was increased in multiple folds compared to that of control sets. The fold of increase was 4.79 for rice, 2.77 for wheat, 1.89 for gram and 1.89 for pea when bacterial cellular molecules were used as fertilizer

Plant-microbe community dynamics in rhizosphere: Reviewing the grassroots ecology towards sustainable agriculture

The interaction between microbes and plants in rhizospheric environment is evident regarding sustainable development in agriculture. Microbes are involved in various metabolic activities in plant systems, which in turn help in plant health improvement. Eventually, plant-microbe interactions are connected with biogeochemical cycles. In this context, metagenomic study helps us to survey the microbial diversity in their natural niches, especially in rhizospheric regions. Noticeably, a diverse group of bacteria, fungi, and archaea are likely to be involved in plant growth promoting (PGP) activities. Variation in microbial communities in the rhizosphere depends on various parameters, such as soil organic matter, plant genotype, plant exudates, crop rotation, soil pH, nutrient cycling, etc. Some abiotic factors and chemical fertilizers have negative impact on crop productivity, influencing sustainable development of environment. Despite having negative impacts from climate change, microbes cope with this altered scenario and try to adjust themselves successfully and consequently promote plant growth by nutrient acquisition and stress tolerance approaches. Therefore, climate change has appeared as a big threat to the agricultural sector in recent past and this might be persistent in near future. However, the conservation of microbial diversity in the rhizospheric regions appears as one of the most promising options for long-term environmental sustainability

Case Report: “Spina Ventosa” Tuberculous Dactylitis in a 2 Year Old Boy - A Very Rare Disease

Tuberculous infection of metacarpals, metatarsals and phalanges is known as tuberculous dactylitis. There is a spindle shaped expansion of the short tubular bones due to tuberculous granuloma. Hence it is also known as spina ventosa. In our case, a two year old boy with a swelling in the metacarpal was provisionally diagnosed as enchondromata while the possibility of spina ventosa was kept in mind. He was posted for excision of the metacarpal followed by bone grafting. Histopathological examination report confirmed it as spina ventosa

HIV, opioid use, and alterations to the gut microbiome: elucidating independent and synergistic effects

BackgroundThe microbiome is essential to immune development, defense against pathogens, and modulation of inflammation. Microbial dysbiosis has been reported in various diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Notably, people living with HIV (PLWH) have been reported to both have higher rates of OUD and use opioids at higher rates than the general public. Thus, studying gut microbial alterations in people living with HIV and with OUD could elucidate mechanisms pertaining to how these conditions both shape and are shaped by the microbiome. However, to date few studies have investigated how HIV and OUD in combination impact the microbiome.Aim of reviewHere, we review previous studies outlining interactions between HIV, opioid use, and microbial dysbiosis and describe attempts to treat this dysbiosis with fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, and dietary changes.Key scientific concepts of reviewWhile the limited number of studies prevent overgeneralizations; accumulating data suggest that HIV and opioid use together induce distinct alterations in the gut microbiome. Among the three existing preclinical studies of HIV and opioid use, two studies reported a decrease in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and one study reported a decrease in Muribaculaceae in the combined HIV and opioid group relative to HIV-alone, opioid-alone, or control groups. These bacteria are known to modulate immune function, decrease colonic inflammation, and maintain gut epithelial barrier integrity in healthy individuals. Accordingly, modulation of the gut microbiome to restore gut homeostasis may be attempted to improve both conditions. While mixed results exist regarding treating dysbiosis with microbial restoration in PLWH or in those with opioid dependency, larger well-defined studies that can improve microbial engraftment in hosts hold much promise and should still be explored