Transition from radiatively inefficient to cooling dominated phase in two temperature accretion discs around black holes

We investigate the transition of a radiatively inefficient phase of a viscous two temperature accreting flow to a cooling dominated phase and vice versa around black holes. Based on a global sub-Keplerian accretion disc model in steady state, including explicit cooling processes self-consistently, we show that general advective accretion flow passes through various phases during its infall towards a black hole. Bremsstrahlung, synchrotron and inverse Comptonization of soft photons are considered as possible cooling mechanisms. Hence the flow governs a much lower electron temperature ~10^8 - 10^{9.5}K compared to the hot protons of temperature ~10^{10.2} - 10^{11.8}K in the range of the accretion rate in Eddington units 0.01 - 100. Therefore, the solutions may potentially explain the hard X-rays and the gamma-rays emitted from AGNs and X-ray binaries. We finally compare the solutions for two different regimes of viscosity and conclude that a weakly viscous flow is expected to be cooling dominated compared to its highly viscous counterpart which is radiatively inefficient. The flow is successfully able to reproduce the observed luminosities of the under-fed AGNs and quasars (e.g. Sgr A*), ultra-luminous X-ray sources (e.g. SS433), as well as the highly luminous AGNs and ultra-luminous quasars (e.g. PKS 0743-67) at different combinations of the mass accretion rate and ratio of specific heats.Comment: 13 pages including 8 figures; couple of typos corrected; to appear in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Efficacy of Homoeopathy for Improving the Quality of Life in Oral Cancer Patients

INTRODUCTION: The quality of life is an indicator of improvement of the cancer treatment which includes analysis of the life quality as a parameter of cancer management. This clinical study was aimed at checking the effectiveness of homoeopathic medicines in improving the quality of life in oral cancer patients using before and after value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 30 cases above 18 yrs of age suffering from oral cancer were selected from the OPD/ IPD of Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College Hospital and its peripheral health centers. The cases were taken in pre structured standardised Sarada Krishna chronic case record and medicines were selected based on totality. Before giving the medicine life quality score was marked using the quality of life chart (EORTC QLQ H&N 43) which is specific for head and neck region cancer. After the administration of Homoeopathic medicines, the cases were regularly assessed on a monthly basis or as per the need of the case at least six months and the prognosis were assessed. Paired “t” test was applied for analysing the difference before and after treatment. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: According to the improvement of quality of life after treatment, the study population is categorised under the headings Aggravation (0%), No change (13.33%), No significant improvement (3.33%), Mild improvement (36.67%), Moderate improvement (20%), Marked improvement (26.67%). The statistical analysis shows that, the Stat t value 7.53., proving the result that homoeopathic medicines have significant effect in improving quality of life of patients with oral cancer

Growth Yield and Nutrient Status of Rice Soil in Response to Genotypes and Levels of Nitrogen Under Different Cultivation Techniques

A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Agricultural college farm, Raichur, India to study the influence of varieties and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and nutrient status of rice soil under transplanted rice (TPR) and direct seeded rice (DSR) cultivation. The treatments included three rice genotypes [‘BPT 5204’, ‘Gangavathi sona’ and ‘JKPH 3333’) and three nitrogen levels, [75%, 100% and 125% RDN per ha. (100% RDN is 150 kg/ha)] the experiment was laid out in a split plot design. Transplanting method recorded higher growth components and grain yield than direct seeding. The yield increased with the increase in nitrogen level and reached maximum with 125 per cent RDN. Plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production were the highest with JKPH 3333 + 125 % RDN at all the stages during both the years of study. Nitrogen uptake by grain and straw were also significantly higher in the JKPH 3333 + 125 % RDN. Increasing levels of nitrogen progressively enhanced nitrogen uptake by grain and straw. Genotypes and nitrogen levels interaction was non significant and the highest grain yield and economics were recorded with ‘JKPH 3333’ at 125 % RDN/ha and it was found to be optimum combination. Keywords: Direct seeded rice, Transplanted rice, Nitrogen levels, Genotype

Exact Tagged Particle Correlations in the Random Average Process

We study analytically the correlations between the positions of tagged particles in the random average process, an interacting particle system in one dimension. We show that in the steady state the mean squared auto-fluctuation of a tracer particle grows subdiffusively as $sigma^2(t) ~ t^{1/2}$ for large time t in the absence of external bias, but grows diffusively $sigma^2(t) ~ t$ in the presence of a nonzero bias. The prefactors of the subdiffusive and diffusive growths as well as the universal scaling function describing the crossover between them are computed exactly. We also compute $sigma_r^2(t)$, the mean squared fluctuation in the position difference of two tagged particles separated by a fixed tag shift r in the steady state and show that the external bias has a dramatic effect in the time dependence of $sigma_r^2(t)$. For fixed r, $sigma_r^2(t)$ increases monotonically with t in absence of bias but has a non-monotonic dependence on t in presence of bias. Similarities and differences with the simple exclusion process are also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, revte

A REVIEW ON ANALYTICAL CHALLENGES IN MONITORING AND CONTROLLING GENOTOXIC IMPURITIES

Genotoxic impurities (GIs) are chemical agents that have a DNA-interaction characteristic which can ultimately lead to cancer. Their presence in various drug substances had driven various regulatory authorities to guide monitor, control, and to limit their level in various drug products. The objective of this article is to review the analytical approaches and challenges faced while accessing, monitoring, and controlling GIs in pharmaceuticals and also a brief explanation such as low limits of GIs, matrix interference, non-volatility, and environmental conditions encountered during the analysis of GIs are also discussed in this paper. At present, several modern analytical techniques are being used for the analysis of GIs such as high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy that have high selectivity and sensitivity, but at the same time, many researchers have reported several challenges while using these techniques. Impacts of GIs are very important and various international organizations such as the World Health Organization have set out rules for regulating these chemicals. Hence, we can conclude that analytical approaches and their challenges are essential to understand because they play a key role to develop robust analytical methods